The National FGM Centre (NFGMC) was commissioned by the London Borough of Hillingdon (LBH) to undertake a community research project focused on developing insight into communities’ views and attitudes about harmful practices. The research was facilitated by and done in partnership with community organisations, and the data collection method involved the use of focus groups. A number of focus groups were conducted with 63 men and women form diverse backgrounds. The approach involved taking an asset based approach in view of the fact that, communities are the experts and are the conduit through which change is possible. The London Borough of Hillingdon’s aim is to use the findings of the focus groups to inform their broader violence against women and girls’ (VAWG) strategy.

These guidelines provide recommendations for psychological therapists and counsellors working with women who have undergone female genital mutilation / cutting (FGM/C). They are designed to facilitate therapy with adult women and not children.

An information video on child abuse linked to faith or belief from the National Working Group on Abuse Linked to Faith or Belief

An infographic highlighting the link between COVID-19 and gender based violence including domestic abuse and access to services.

The purpose of this guidance is to equip professionals in education settings to respond to concerns regarding girls at risk of FGM. Within this document, you will find:

• General information on FGM & the law
• FGM risk indicators
• Requirements of the RSE guidance regarding FGM
• How to explore concerns with children and parents/carers
• A resource on how to explore concerns and make referrals to children’s social care

With this third study on FGM, EIGE is building upon previous work to complete the picture of the prevalence of FGM in Belgium, Greece, France, Italy, Cyprus and Malta.

THE HON. MRS JUSTICE WHIPPLE DBE In the Central Criminal Court R v N (Female Genital Mutilation) Sentencing Remarks of Mrs Justice Whipple 8 March 2019. Including information on the first FGM Conviction in the UK and case information. The mother was sentenced for 13 years in total (11 years for FGM).

In the guidance we provide an overview of what child abuse linked to faith or belief is and provide useful advice and guidance to frontline professionals working with children and young people. The aim of the document is to enable frontline professionals to develop the skills needed to have conversations with children and parent(s)/carer(s) about faith and belief. The document includes information on the risk indicators and signs of CALFB.

Depending on the information shared in the referral, this question guide can be used by social workers to ensure that faith or belief is explored with families within a holistic assessment, to assess the impact faith or belief has on parenting practices and capacity. Social workers should use their professional judgement regarding which questions are relevant and appropriate to ask.

This document contains terminology that may be used in accusations against children and some local examples (this is not an exhaustive list).

This map has been updated to include cases reported of CALFB around the globe. Some countries also have information about prevalence, terminology and general information about belief within communities that reside there.

The document covers some signs and scenarios you may come across. We have highlighted some ways you can explore concerns around abuse linked to faith or belief in a sensitive way. This can be put up as a poster in offices for easy access when needed.

Use this tool to help assess cases where there is a concern around FGM.

The tool will help you identify:

• what risks are present
• what safety factors are present or need to be developed
• other information to help you decide what steps to take

It usually takes about 15 minutes to complete.

This is to be used by social work practitioners only and does not replace professional judgement

This infographic, developed by the National FGM Centre, covers the health consequences of each type of FGM. This includes both short and long term. This can be used with professionals, families and communities to educate around the harmful consequences of FGM.

This Toolkit is to support professionals educate and explore views with children and parent(s)/carer(s) on FGM. The pack contains activity plans, resources and more to enable professionals to work effectively with families and children around FGM. This Toolkit has been designed to be used by social workers and family support workers with parent(s)/carer(s), children and young people.

Listen to Lucy as she talks about her experience of Breast Ironing in Cameroon.

This video covers: What is Breast Ironing? – Why do people practice it? – What are the health and legal consequences of the practice? – What are peoples safeguarding responsibilities?

This leaflet can be downloaded and contains information about Breast Flattening (ironing) in the UK context. This leaflet can be used by professionals as well to understand what the risks and indicators may be.

This fact sheet covers:

• What Breast Ironing is, prevalence and reasons for practice
• The law
• Risks and Indicators

This map covers where Breast Ironing/Flattening is recorded to happen. This map has been developed from the study “Understanding Breast “Ironing”: A Study of the Methods, Motivations, and Outcomes of Breast Flattening Practices in Cameroon” by Rebecca Tapscott, 2012.

This is the statement from the National FGM Centre regarding the first FGM conviction in the UK. Click ‘Read More’ to find out more about the case.

This leaflet contains information on what CALFB is, the risk indicators and signs a child is undergoing CALFB and what professionals should do if they are concerned.

This leaflet explores what FGM Protection Orders are, who can apply and how they can be used. This resource is aimed at families, but can be useful for professionals who want to know more about FGMPO’s.

This animation has been developed to help prepare a girl who is due to undergo an examination. The animation follows the story of Lisa, exploring what happens at different stages and prompts for the child to ask questions.

This booklet has been designed to be used by social workers with children.

This booklet has been designed to share good practice around the medical examination required to determine whether a girl has undergone FGM or not, and facilitate conversation with parent(s)/ carer(s) and professionals.

This booklet has been designed to be used by social workers with parent(s)/carer(s) and other professionals.

Summary of risk factors and learning for improved practice around culture and faith. Published case reviews highlight that professionals sometimes lack the knowledge and confidence to work with families from different cultures and religions. The learning from these reviews highlights that professionals need to take into account families’ cultural and religious context when undertaking assessments and offering support. The rights and needs of the child need to remain the focus of interventions at all times, regardless of this context.

Through this position paper, the End FGM European Network sets out its approach to language in the global movement to End FGM. It is intended for any person seeking information on FGM and the vocabulary used in the field, and is of particular interest to the media and other professionals reporting on the subject or in contact with FGM survivors and FGM-affected communities.

This leaflet has been produced by the Family Planning Association and is aimed at young people. The leaflets covers what FGM is and what young people should do if they are worried about FGM or have undergone FGM already.

This study explores the scale and scope of witchcraft accusations across the world, the belief systems that support them, the impact on the children themselves and how to effective challenge this type of abuse.

Statutory guidance on inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. The statutory framework sets out the legislation relevant to safeguarding and it should be read alongside the statutory guidance. Statutory guidance is issued by law; you must follow it unless there’s a good reason not to.

This tool is to be used by social workers when reflecting on FGM and other harmful practices (e.g breast flattening or child abuse linked to faith or belief) cases. Social workers should use this tool to reflect on their practice throughout a case. Social workers should aim to use this tool prior to supervision with their manager, and on an ongoing basis to then discuss within regular supervisions.

A document by 28 to Many that explores the law around FGM in Nigeria, breaking down international and regional treaties signed and ratified by the government.

The present investigation was begun in 2007. Its aim is to overcome the shortage of reliable data on female genital mutilation in Kurdish northern Iraq and to collect information on both the motives underlying the procedure and the circumstance in which it takes place. Such information is essential in two respects: on the one hand, it can form the basis for further educational work in the field and, on the other, it may help us to counteract the still widespread ignorance about the plight of girls and women in Kurdish northern Iraq. As regards the latter aspect, two further points need emphasizing: firstly, that FGM is not exclusively an African problem and, secondly, that the practice violates universal human rights and is a crime against the physical integrity and sexual autonomy of women.

Female genital mutilation (FGM) involves partial or complete removal of the external female genitalia or other injury for non-therapeutic reasons. Little is known about the knowledge and skills of doctors who care for affected women and their practice in relation to FGM. This reviews aims to examine the FGM experiences and educational needs of doctors.

The aim of this study was to identify how midwives in low and middle income countries (LMIC) and high income countries (HIC) care for women with female genital mutilation (FGM), their perceived challenges and what professional development and workplace strategies might better support midwives to provide appropriate quality care.

Men in their roles as fathers, husbands, community and religious leaders may play a pivotal part in the continuation of female genital mutilation (FGM). However, the research on their views of FGM and their potential role in its abandonment are not well described. This review undertook a systematic review of all publications between 2004 and 2014 that explored men’s attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours in regards to FGM, as well as their ideas about FGM prevention and abandonment.

Women, who have been subjected to female genital mutilation (FGM), can suffer serious and irreversible physical, psychological and psychosexual complications. They have more adverse obstetric outcomes as compared to women without FGM. Exploratory studies suggest radical change to abandonment of FGM by communities after migration to countries where FGM is not prevalent. Women who had been subjected to FGM as a child in their countries of origin, require specialised healthcare to reduce complications and further suffering. This study compared obstetric outcomes in women with FGM to women without FGM who gave birth in a metropolitan Australian hospital with expertise in holistic FGM management.

This is statutory guidance from the Department for Education issued under Section 175 of the Education Act 2002, the Education (Independent School Standards) Regulations 2014, and the Non-Maintained Special Schools (England) Regulations 2015. Schools and colleges in England must have regard to it when carrying out their duties to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. For the purposes of this guidance children includes everyone under the age of 18.

This publication distils the evidence-informed recommendations into a practical and user-friendly tool for everyday use by health-care providers. It covers a wide range of health topics in nine chapters, ranging from basic knowledge and communication skills to management of a range of complications. Moreover, it describes how to offer first-line mental and sexual health support as part of comprehensive care to address multiple aspects of women’s health and well-being.

This guide, developed by 28 Too Many, is aimed at teachers and helps them understand safeguarding of children in general, and from FGM in particular. This workshop covers the following topics: What is Safeguarding?, Safeguarding Legislation; The UNCRC and The African Charter, Safeguarding Issues in your community and the 4 P’s of Safeguarding.

This pack from 28 to Many contains two lesson plans, of approximately 50 minutes each. It could also be used in smaller bite size sessions as each lesson is clearly divided into a few sections.This resource is designed for use in secondary schools but could also be used in youth and community groups. The material is aimed at students, specifically those between the ages of 12 and 14. There are accompanying powerpoint slides and a video that should be used with this resource, they can both be found following the read more link.

This strategy, which was originally published in 2014 and has now been updated, provides a framework to help us do that. It was developed by the Scottish Government and COSLA in association with a wide range of partners from public and third sector organisations. This updated version has been supported by further engagement with children’s organisations. We are immensely grateful to all those organisations for their support, and looking forward to working with them in implementing Equally Safe’s vision.

This report describes findings from the second phase of My Voice, a participatory action research project on Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Scotland. The first phase of My Voice aimed to document perceptions, attitudes and experiences of FGM among specific groups within affected communities, including young women (under 25 years), young men and older men, as well as religious leaders. In this second phase the focus has been on women over 25, arguably the most affected group, who are mostly married or have been married, with children and in many cases dealing with the negative health impacts of FGM.

This update report provides an update of the work that is being taken forward by the Scottish Government and its partners in the statutory and third sectors along with affected communities in relation to the actions and activities required to progress the outcomes of the FGM National Action Plan.

This guidance provides a framework within which agencies and practitioners can develop and agree processes for working collaboratively and individually to promote the safety and wellbeing of women and girls and supplements agencies and organisations own policies and procedures on FGM.

A one-page infographic that highlights the key pieces of legislation in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. This includes information on Mandatory Reporting Duties, FGM Specific Laws and the Serious Crime Act 2015.

This document contains recommendations for commissioners to make sure services meet the needs of women and girls with Female genital mutilation (FGM) and to safeguard those at risk. This includes top 10 recommendations for commissioning quality services.

The thesis presents the diversity in lived experiences of breast ironing and concludes that it is a practice with many meanings. It cannot simply be labelled a harmful practice, it needs also be understood as a means to protect the girl child from harm. Thus, breast ironing is a practice that seeks to protect the girl by aiming to decrease significations of femininity that breasts invokes. This in turn means that breast ironing is a practice that ultimately seeks to decrease the level at which the girl child is identified with femininity.

A comprehensive look at the literature on breast ironing and legislation to protect children, especially young girls, in Cameroon. “It examined its legal framework to determine whether the obligations vested on it by international human rights instruments have been translated into national policies” concluding that no measures have been taken to curb the practice.

This research presents information on breast ironing from the perspective of a Cameroonian NGO working to reduce violence against women and girls. The research calls for the practice to be recognised as female to female violence.

Read the harrowing stories of women who have been genitally mutilated, their accounts of survival and their determination to end this injustice. This book covers the controversial cultural practice that is taking place around the world including in Western countries where it is illegal. This book covers this controversial cultural practice that is taking place around the world including in Western countries where it is illegal. Read the harrowing stories of women who have been genitally mutilated, their accounts of survival and their determination to end this injustice.

This handbook details the present situation with regard to female genital mutilation (FGM) in Britain, referring also to other Western nations where FGM occurs. It scrutinises current pathways to eradicating this dangerous, sometimes lethal, form of child abuse and gender-related violence. The cultural and belief systems giving rise to FGM are complex. Further, FGM is an intensely intimate matter often imposed on young and vulnerable children. Approaches to its eradication therefore demand considerable human insight and a competent grasp of inter-/cross-agency working.The vulnerabilities and need for protection of victims and potential victims are paramount, but these pressing priorities do not lessen the requirement that all aspects of FGM be dealt with straightforwardly in accordance with the law.

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) amongst Bohras in India has gained systematic public attention since 2012. This anti-FGM/C movement seeks to end the practice through legal reform in India and by raising community awareness about the impact of the harmful traditional practice.

The current study contributes to the small body of existing research studies on FGM/C in India. It not only builds evidence of the existence of the practice in India today, but also seeks to document survivors’ experiences of the harmful impacts of Khafd as practiced by Bohras.

This report, the first in a series of WHRIN country reports, focuses on the widespread violations that take place in Nepal due to the belief in Boksi (witches). At this crucial time in the evolution of the Nepalese nation state, the objective of this report is to make an important contribution in the field of human rights. Through raising awareness of this issue, we hope to be able to work with the Nepalese Government and civil society organisations to develop the solutions required to put a stop to the torture and killing of women in the name of ‘combatting witchcraft’

We have developed guidance for Social Workers that takes them from how to review the referral, a question guide for reviewing the referral, an online FGM assessment tool and next steps pathways. The guidance is part of our FGM Assessment Tool, click on read more to access the online Tool.

A list containing the details of all the FGM Specialist clinics in the UK. These clinics may vary in services but many will offer the option of examining women to identify the type of FGM they have undergone.

Migration flows of women from Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting practicing countries have generated a need for data on women potentially affected by Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. This paper presents enhanced estimates for foreign-born women and asylum seekers in Italy in 2016, with the aim of supporting resource planning and policy making, and advancing the methodological debate on estimation methods.

This UNICEF Brochure includes information on the practice of FGM across the world, including prevalence, changing attitudes and the work that UNICEF is doing to end the practice.

This leaflet has been created by the National FGM Centre to help educate professionals and families on Female Genital Mutilation. Topics include what FGM is, the consequences and what to do if you are worried.

This map highlights the countries where research has shown Breast Ironing to be preavelent. Even though some countries are not highlighted, this does not mean Breast Ironing cannot happen there. Breast Ironing can happen anywhere in the world. This data is taken from Understanding Breast “Ironing” A study of methods, motivations and outcomes of breast flattening practices in Cameroon, Tapscott. R, 2012.

The Childhood Wellbeing Research Centre (CWRC), based at the Institute of Education, was commissioned by the Department for Education (DfE) to conduct a small-scale review of previous research on ‘child abuse linked to faith or belief’. This will be used to help inform future policy in the area.

The issue of how to approach the topic of FGM with a younger age group in primary schools was one St Werburgh’s Primary School and Integrate Bristol was determined to address, particularly as they are more vulnerable.

Confirmation that FGM has been carried out may be required as part of a safeguarding or criminal investigation and a timely appointment should be arranged for a physical examination as soon as possible.

A declaration signed by religious leaders across the country highlighting FGM is not required as part of any religion.

This report from the Department for Education, contains information regarding children referred to and assessed by children’s social services for the year ending 31 March 2017. This includes cases where FGM and Abuse Linked to Faith and Belief were identified.

This report has been specifically compiled for the United Nations Expert Workshop on Witchcraft and Human Rights, in Geneva on 21st and 22nd September 2017. It aims to provide some background understanding into the work carried out by the United Nations on these issues to date; outline the current scale of the abuses of human rights that are taking place across the world due such harmful beliefs and practices; identify emerging trends and, finally, act as a call to action for all UN, Government and civil society agencies working on these issues to redouble their efforts to develop solutions to prevent further abuses from taking place.

This groundbreaking new research investigates current knowledge and raises awareness of child abuse linked to faith or belief. Internationally, cases of child abuse linked to faith or belief (CALFB) continue to cause concern. In the United Kingdom (UK) high profile cases such as Victoria Climbie and Kristy Bamu have raised awareness of the need to develop child protection in this area. However, there are relatively small numbers of recorded cases though this data may be open to question due to underreporting and lack of recognition. Therefore, this research is timely and important in providing a foundation on which to build more effective identification of cases, policy and intervention.

This briefing highlights what breast ironing is, the consequence (legally, physically and emotionally), the law in the UK, key research on the practice and the reasons why families may practice it. MP Jake Berry used this for a speech in parliament about the issue.

FGM protection orders (FGMPO) offer a legal means to protect and safeguard victims and potential victims of FGM. You can apply for a protection order if you or someone you know is at risk of female genital mutilation (FGM). This will help to keep you (or the person you know) safe from another person (the ‘respondent’). Someone else (eg from a local authority) can also apply for a protection order on your behalf.

Discusses how faith based communities should respond and work in partnership with the local community to curb practices such as spiritual possession and witchcraft. Explains the responsibilities of faith groups under government guidance.

Literature review investigating child abuse linked to faith or belief. Looks at incidence; characteristics and context of faith based abuse; good practice and lessons learned; and gaps in evidence. Concludes that the numbers of children affected are probably relatively small but under-reported. Neglect and physical abuse were found to be the most common types of abuse in these cases. Recommends better recording of child abuse linked to faith or belief; more support and training for professionals; and more research into the area.

This report presents the findings of research examining the practice of breast ironing or breast flattening in Cameroon. Breast ironing or flattening is a practice common in Cameroon and throughout West Africa whereby an object is used to massage, pound, or press the breasts flat. This report presents a summary of findings from original fieldwork and a review of unpublished academic reports and one quantitative study conducted in all ten regions of Cameroon by GIZ in 2005

The MOPAC female genital mutilation (FGM) early intervention model looks at ways to prevent new cases of FGM among women and girls, while supporting those affected by FGM.

This is a guide for professionals who are thinking about making a referral and what to know what information to include. This guide can also be used by safeguarding advisors who are looking to gather more information on a referral.

This leaflet is for parents to help raise awareness of FGM and the law, especially around the holiday season.

This is a leaflet produced by FORWARD that can be given to families who believe FGM is an Islamic requirement.

These lesson plans have been written to raise awareness of the practice of FGM and to inform young people of the facts and issues, and how and where to get help if they need to. In order to inform and facilitate the exploration of attitudes around FGM, it is important for young men as well as young women to take part in these lessons.

A video highlighting how Norbury school have integrated FGM into their curriculum in the context of the UN children’s rights convention. Head Teacher, Louise Browning, talks about how the school engage the community and the whole school to raise awareness about FGM. Includes interviews with the children and parents.

Confirmation that FGM has been carried out may be required as part of a safeguarding or criminal investigation and a timely appointment should be arranged for a physical examination as soon as possible.

Let’s Talk FGM is a website to assist professionals to make the sensitive enquiry about FGM. It incorporates key information on the impact of FGM, why it happens, the law, how to protect children and suggests support for survivors. The site is also available in an Ipad App.

Journalist and broadcaster Susan Bookbinder talks with four women about how they would like to see professionals hold sensitive conversations about female genital mutilation, including what actions to take to safeguard vulnerable girls.

Video produced by NHS Choices that covers what FGM is, the 4 types of FGM and the consequences of the practice.

This powerpoint can be used to help professionals understand FGM as a form of child abuse and to be better able to identify and respond to it. Includes information on mandatory reporting, risk indicators and safeguarding duties.

Materials released as part of the Home Office campaign to help raise awareness of the NSPCC FGM helpline reinforces the facts that female genital mutilation is child abuse and is illegal under UK law.

This scoping study seeks to provide an estimate of the number of women and girls affected or potentially affected by FGM in Northern Ireland. ACSONI conducted community engagement focus groups. It further seeks to identify service provision in Northern Ireland and to identify gaps in both service provision and knowledge.

A report by Gender Empowerment and Development, focussing on the prevalence and context of Breast Ironing in Cameroon.

Report on harmful practices against children based on tradition, culture, religion or superstition. It looks at the definition and scope of harmful practices from a human rights perspective, and provides examples of legal and other measures already taken to challenge and eliminate them. Makes recommendations for action by states, UN and UN-related agencies, INGOs, NGOs, national human rights institutions and others.

The Safeguarding Children’s Rights initiative was established in 2007 in response to concerns raised by African community groups about faith-based child abuse linked to a belief in spirit possession in London communities. This report evaluates the work of four community organisations funded by the project. Also outlines the context, including the background to witchcraft and spirit possession in the UK and the African context for child protection and children’s rights.

This report concerns the frequency and severity of child abuse linked to accusations of “possession” and “witchcraft”. It identifies key features common to these cases, draws conclusions and makes recommendations. The report is based on desk research and discussions with social workers, school teachers, police officers, voluntary workers and others who had knowledge of aspects of the subject.

Charles Rukwengye of APORENET explains the findings of a five-year programme understanding and tackling ritual abuse in African communities

This action plan is intended to help raise awareness of child abuse linked to faith or belief and to encourage practical steps to be taken to prevent it. The plan has been developed through a partnership of the National Working Group between the central government and local statutory partners, faith leaders, voluntary sector organisations and the Metropolitan Police.

Factsheet containing information on harmful traditional practices including FGM, Early/Forced Marriage, Son Preference, Honor Crimes and Violence or Murder related to Dowry Payment.

This document provides an overview of the wide range of actions the government will be taking towards its strategy of ending violence against women and girls between 2016 and 2020. It was launched on 8 March 2016.

This multi-agency guidance on Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) published in April 2016 should be read and followed by all persons and bodies in England and Wales who are under statutory duties to safeguard and promote the welfare of children and vulnerable adults. This document includes guidance on FGM and the law, talking about FGM and risk indicators.

Training toolkit aimed at helping professionals to develop effective practices for protecting and promoting the welfare of children living in circumstances which appear to be complex because of their faith, culture or nationality. Topics covered include: female genital mutilation; children with disabilities; forced marriage; domestic violence; sexual exploitation; trafficked children.

The Home Affairs Committee has published a report about Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). Recommendations include: the Government should introduce stronger sanctions for professionals who fail to record FGM data; the FGM Unit should be a joint effort between the Home Office, the Department of Health and the Department for Education and more.

This workshop uses a simple animation that embeds FGM into the already widely known and familiar NSPCC PANTS resource in an age appropriate and sensitive way. This resource is aimed primarily at children in years 5 and 6. The lesson plan could also be used on a one to one basis to help educate a child as part of on-going work.

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) provides guidance on the treatment of claims for refugee status relating to female genital mutilation (FGM). Under certain circumstances, a parent could also establish a well-founded fear of persecution, within the scope of the 1951 Convention refugee definition, in connection with the exposure of his or her child to the risk of FGM.

Families travelling overseas to countries where FGM is prevalent should take this statement with them. The passports can be downloaded in several languages. They can show it to their families as it clarifies that FGM is a serious criminal offence in the UK with a maximum penalty of 14 years in prison for anyone found guilty. Overseas relatives, or whoever is caring for them abroad, may also be guilty of an offence if they fail to protect all family members from FGM being carried out.

The document provides a list of NHS Specialist services for survivors of Female Genital Mutilation. Women who have undergone Type 3 FGM can access de-infibulation services (opening up). The clinics provide services for both pregnant and non-pregnant women and some of the clinics also provide counselling and emotional support.

This free online training course helps frontline professionals develop skills to identify and help girls at risk of female genital mutilation (FGM). Provides: an overview of FGM; professional responsibilities in FGM cases; information on how to prevent FGM; and how to support those who have been subjected to it. Although not exhaustive, the course enables professionals to develop a basic understanding of FGM and their role in protecting girls at risk.

Information sharing is vital to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and young people. A key factor identified in many serious case reviews (SCRs) has been a failure by practitioners to record information, to share it, to understand its significance and then take appropriate action.

Summary of the findings from the external evaluation of a 3-year initiative to tackle FGM through community-based prevention. Finds that rejection of FGM has increased in areas where community-based preventive work is taking place. Outlines the successful strategies employed by community groups and makes recommendations for policymakers.

Overview of the international literature exploring Female Genital Cutting (FGC). Addresses the prevalence of FGC, its cultural and social origins, effective prevention strategies, legislative responses and education and health promotion programmes. Authors argue that practitioners in Western countries should be equipped to assist practising communities to recognise the harm of FGC and to change attitudes and practices.

This leaflet has been produced by survivors of FGM who would like to communicate their needs to frontline professionals. It advocates a sensitive approach to addressing FGM and urges professionals to take time to research and understand the cultural justifications of FGM and avoid causing further harm to women affected by the practice.

Amendments to the Serious Crime Act 2015, mean that from October it becomes mandatory to report known cases of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) on girls under 18 to the police. The duty applies to all regulated professionals working within health, social care and education in England and Wales. “Known” cases of FGM are those when a child discloses to a professional that she’s had FGM or when a professional observes signs of FGM on a girl’s genitalia.

Practical help to support NHS organisations developing new safeguarding policies and procedures for female genital mutilation (FGM). It can be used by health professionals from all sectors, particularly designated and named safeguarding leads, and local safeguarding children board members. Based on existing NHS best practice. Includes the Department of Health Risk Assessment Tool and Safeguarding Pathways

GIRFEC is the national approach in Scotland to improving outcomes and supporting the well-being of children and young people by offering the right help at the right time from the right people. It supports them and their parent(s) to work in partnership with the services that can help them.

The Scottish Government has produced a statement opposing FGM to help protect girls from the practice when traveling abroad. Families are encouraged to keep the statement in their passport or wallets and produce it if under pressure to perform the practice overseas. The statement makes it clear that FGM is a crime punishable with 14 years in prison under Scottish law. The statement can be downloaded in a range of community languages from the Scottish Government website.

This resource has been developed with the support of the Home Office and Department for International Development. It offers guidance on teaching about FGM as part of the PSHE curriculum. Additionally, it aims to raise awareness among staff about the warning signs of FGM and the responsibilities of school staff in this regard.

This lesson plan contains everything you need for an hour-long lesson to teach children about the underwear rule and help to keep them safe. This is a general safeguarding and body rights and does not cover FGM specifically. Get together and singalong with Pantosaurus above to get the conversation started. This is a great tool to use with children to help them keep themselves safe.

Education Scotland working with partners and Education Authority staff have produced a short training PowerPoint presentation, which authorities and headteachers can use to raise awareness of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in schools and early years settings. The resource has been developed to increase the knowledge and understanding of staff to enable them to better safeguard children from the abuses associated with FGM.

This service is for pregnant and non-pregnant women. They aim to see women two weeks after her booking scan (pregnant women) or 2 weeks after referral. They provide support for women with FGM, a de-infibulation service for women with Type III FGM and referral service for counselling.

My Voice is a 2016 innovative participatory action research project, with affected communities on Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Scotland. The project aims are to facilitate community engagement on FGM with women, men, young people and religious leaders to enable their voices to be heard and contribute to the development of awareness raising around FGM as well as ensuring culturally appropriate services for Scotland.

WHO recommendations published in May 2016 aim to help health workers provide better care to the more than 200 million girls and women worldwide living with female genital mutilation. The recommendations focus on preventing and treating obstetric complications; treatment for depression and anxiety disorders; attention to female sexual health such as counselling, and the provision of information and education.

This report shares the findings from a rapid PEER study, carried out by migrant women and men living in Norfolk and Essex, UK. 18 Peer Researchers, were recruited through local community organisations and trained and supported by FORWARD and Barnardo’s to design and carry out conversational interviews with their peers focusing on life in the UK, and Female Genital Mutilation.

This is a dedicated monthly multidisciplinary clinic for girls under 18 years who have had, are suspected to have had, or may be at risk of FGM. We offer sensitive and appropriate care for affected children and young people. If you are worried a girl has undergone FGM, we recommend a medical is undertaken at the earliest point. Click download to download the referral form.

Family law organisation Resolution has published a screening toolkit for family lawyers who are working with families that may be affected by FGM. The toolkit provides an assessment guide for professionals including: tips for opening up a conversation and a list of suggested screening questions.

The National FGM Centre works with experts around the country to inform and develop services. As part of that process, it is organising a number of stakeholder events around England. The Stakeholder events are held in informal settings in the style of ‘world-cafe’ to encourage open discussions and the sharing of learning.

Should we offer ‘mild’ female genital alteration in the manner of male circumcision as a safe alternative to FGM? This commentary was written in response to an opinion piece by two American gynaecologists that argued for de-minimise female genital alteration procedures as a safe alternative to FGM, in the manner of male circumcision.

This report contains estimates of the numbers of women with female genital mutilation (FGM) living in England and Wales, the numbers of women with FGM giving birth and the numbers of girls born to women with FGM. Headline figures for England and Wales as a whole were published in an interim report.

Working with FGM survivors, communities affected by FGM and grass-roots organisations is vital in the work to end FGM and should be incorporated in all aspects of FGM prevention work.

This guidance has been produced to promote the practical steps a school can take to make sure that everyone – including pupils, parents and staff – knows about Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and can play their role in safeguarding girls and young women from FGM.

The Replace Approach to ending FGM was developed over 5 years by a European partnership between Forward UK, Coventry University, FSAN (Netherlands), CESIE (ITALY), APF (Portugal) and Gabinet d’Estudis Socials (Spain). The work was funded by Daphne III action grants. REPLACE is based on the principle that ending FGM requires behaviour change on behalf of affected communities.

This strategy is about countering all forms of extremism: violent and non-violent; Islamist and the neo-Nazi. The strategy also explores harmful traditional practices including Female Genital Mutilation, Forced Marriage and so-called Honour-Based Violence as extreme forms of violence against women and girls that are deeply harmful and often stem from a wider view that denies women core human rights.

The study aimed to examine the FGM experiences and educational needs of doctors with respect to FGM in low, middle and high-income countries. The goal was to identify the medical training and continuing professional development of doctors so that they can better care for women and advocate against the practice.

This blog by campaigner and psychotherapist Leyla Hussein examines whether FGM is an Islamic practice. It gives facts about why FGM is not a Muslim issue but also discusses the responsibility of religious leaders across all main religions to take a stand against the practice. You can also download a leaflet on FGM and Islam for families.

A comprehensive guide to designing safe programmes for adolescent girls. This guide focuses on international development programmes to improve outcomes for adolescent girls, including programmes to eliminate female genital mutilation, child marriage and barriers to education.Girl Safety Toolkit – A Resource for Practitioners

This film was commissioned by the Nike Foundation’s Girl Effect and was screened at the Girl Summit 2014. It provides a survivor-led account of life with FGM and discusses the positive shift in attitudes amongst communities affected by the practice. It provides powerful personal accounts and a positive message of change.

This paper questions why female circumcision (FC) persists despite eradication interventions and the migration of people to non-practising countries and discusses the reasoning of Somali immigrants on female circumcision.

The report explores: FGM/C as a human rights violation; social dynamics of FGM/C; national and regional prevalence, when and how the practice is performed, Prevailing attitudes towards the practice, The relationship between the experience of FGM/C, attitudes towards the practice and behaviour and implications of the findings for policy and practice.

Review of the effectiveness of anti-FGM/C interventions, applying a realist perspective. Some interventions’ acceptability and success rested on the incorporation of FGM/C abandonment efforts within a larger set of related issues. However, greater success of the interventions could have materialised with systematic pre-planning involving thorough community analyses and securing religious leaders’ commitment to halting FGM/C.

Department of Education advice to help practitioners identify the signs of child abuse and neglect and understand what action to take.

FGM can be linked to forced marriage, as in certain communities where forced marriage is found, women are forced to undergo FGM before marriage. The multi-agency statutory guidance for dealing with forced marriage is for all persons and bodies who exercise public function in relation to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and vulnerable adults.

This Guidance sets out to examine the pitfalls of FGM prevention campaigns and suggests strategies to avoid them.

Effective practice in a global world requires knowledge and understanding of diverse cultures. Based on multidisciplinary research and contemporary examples of gender discrimination, forced marriages, child labor, and female genital mutilation, this article proposes resolutions to this conflict.

The Councillor’s Guide aims to give councillors an introduction to the issues surrounding FGM, and give some consideration as to how it can be tackled in their areas.The Guide identifies three ways Councillors can play a role in tackling FGM.

This document sets out some key considerations when embarking upon the process to commission services to support FGM survivors. It reflects the standards and characteristics which have developed where commissioning in this area has been successful and sets out particular elements which should either always be considered or provided.

Discusses female genital mutilation (FGM) in relation to family lawyers. Argues that although FGM may not cross the paths of family lawyers on a daily basis, they need to be aware of it in order to help minimise risk and ensure that the court has sufficient information to understand and adjudicate on the issues.

This report provides an update on the European situation in relation to the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM). It also gives an overview of action to date taken within the European Union (EU) to end FGM and recommends an EU action plan on FGM as well as a strategy on violence against women.

This APP guidance is designed to raise awareness of and demystify the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) for officers and those they work with so that it can be more proactively prevented and prosecuted.

This article examines a case study of a school nurse’s involvement with a family at risk of FGM. Although the children were safeguarded appropriately, opportunities were missed to support the family to address the psychological impact of FGM. Specialist services designed to work with communities where FGM is practiced exist around the UK but are few in number and have limited resources.

This guide gives easy to understand answers to the frequently asked questions on FGM. It is aimed at a young audience but the information can be used with a wider audience.

The guide is produced as a resource for use in schools by young people and adults who work with young people. It provides basic information on FGM and related health and social issues. It aims to increase awareness of the law and about child protection issues and also offers ideas for helping girls at risk of FGM. The guide provides information of specialist health and support services in the UK.

Values vs Violence provide training to primary and secondary schools using the ‘Cut – some wounds never heal’ DVD. A tool to raise awareness and understanding of FGM issues in schools and communities, ‘Cut’ was commissioned in response to concerns raised by schools who were dealing with victims and disclosure. The film is 13 minutes long. Teachers should follow the lesson plan on the Values Versus Violence website when viewing this film.

Integrate Bristol has created a series of education resources on FGM for primary and secondary schools in consultation with Bristol’s safeguarding board, the NSPCC, the police and local schools. The resources are available to download free of charge from their website and have been adopted by a number of schools around the country. They come with lesson plans.

This guidance for Ofsted inspectors is for use from September 2015 when inspecting safeguarding in education, skills and early years settings. It sets out what inspectors must do and what schools can expect, and provides guidance for inspectors on making their judgement. The guidance mentions the need to consider safeguarding arrangements around FGM.

This guide produced by the Metropolitan Police contains basic information about FGM for education professionals including the consequences of the practice, indicators of risk and signs FGM may have occurred. It outlines the course of action for education professionals when a girl is at risk of FGM or has undergone the practice and provides emergency numbers.

This statutory guidance from the Department for Education is issued under Section 175 of the Education Act 2002, the Education (Independent School Standards) Regulations 2014 and the Education (Non-Maintained Special Schools) (England) Regulations 2011. Schools and colleges must have regard to it when carrying out their duties to safeguard and promote the welfare of children.

Comfort Momoh MBE discusses female genital mutilation and the practice nurse’s role in identifying and providing care for victims and those at risk. Includes checklist.

The Istanbul Convention has been signed by 39 countries and came into force on August 2014. This section on FGM outlines the responsibilities of European states to prevent the practice in Europe and protect survivors, and to ensure cross-border cooperation to bring perpetrators to justice.

This article analyses the President’s ruling in Re B and G (Care Proceedings: FGM) (No 2) [2015] EWFC 3, [2015] 1 FLR (forthcoming and reported at [2015] Fam Law 257) which addressed FGM in the context of care proceedings for the first time. The case underlines the importance of using expert witnesses to assess whether a child has been subjected to FGM. It also discusses male circumcision and parallels with FGM.

Journalist and broadcaster Susan Bookbinder talks with four women about how they would like to see professionals hold sensitive conversations about female genital mutilation (FGM), including what actions to take to safeguard vulnerable girls.

This questionnaire was developed by Bolton NHS Foundation Trust to assess the likelihood that FGM has happened to a patient, their attitudes towards the practice, understanding of legislation and to assess the potential risk to girl children. It can be adopted by NHS Trusts to enable them to fulfil health professionals recording, reporting and safeguarding responsibilities.

The e-FGM educational programme has been developed by Health Education England e-Learning for Healthcare and is provided free to all healthcare professionals, including school nurses, practice nurses, health visitors and GPs.

Violence against Women, Domestic Abuse and Sexual Violence (Wales) Act passed on 10th March 2015 places statutory duties to produce a range of local strategies (multi-agency collaboration, awareness raising, training and workplace policies) which will cover FGM

Dyfed Powys Police is committed to giving victims of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) a level of service that gives them the confidence to report incidents, so the protection and safety of victims are at the forefront of subsequent police actions. FGM is a serious form of abuse, in particular, involving children.

A PDF containing a list of FGM health board/trust leads in Wales.

The protocol includes: Professional Guidance of Female Genital Mutilation for Health Professionals, Good Practice for Staff Working in Social Services Departments, Good Practice Guidance: The Role of the Police, Good Practice Guidance: The Role of the Voluntary Sector and Good Practice Guidance for Staff Working in the Education Authorities

The scoping study, carried out by Scottish Refugee Council with the support of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, identifies populations across Scotland potentially affected by female genital mutilation and sets out a number of recommendations for prevention and response interventions.

These guidelines are practice guidelines and are designed to be educative and provide advice on FGM cases.

These guidelines have been produced to support the policy of asking all women at their booking appointment whether they have experienced any form of surgery to their genitals including female genital mutilation.

This paper is intended to contribute to the design of more effective interventions by assessing existing knowledge of what works and what does not and discusses some of the most common approaches that have been evaluated: health risk approaches, conversion of excisers, training of health professionals as change agents, alternative rituals, community-led approaches, public statements, and legal measures.

Information on the prevalence of FGM across the world including regional variations, legal contexts and high risk age groups. Our interactive map is one of the most popular pages on our site, used by professionals across the country. Click ‘Read More’ to go to the page.

Information on applications and FGM Protection Orders granted via Family Court Statistics.

A list of the most frequently asked questions on FGM.

Guidance and procedures regarding male circumcision. Male circumcision is legal in the UK, if both parents agree, but this does not mean it cannot be a safeguarding issue.

Section 70(1) of the Serious Crime Act 2015 amends section 4 of the FGM Act 2003 to extend the extra-territorial powers of the law to further protect victims of FGM. It also introduces victim anonymity to victims of FGM similar to that of victims of sexual exploitation. The Serious Crime Act introduces civil measures to protect girls or women who have suffered or are believed to be at risk from FGM. It also introduces a mandatory reporting duty to report known cases of FGM that applies to all regulated professionals.

Under the 2003 Act, a person is guilty of an offence if they excise, infibulate or otherwise mutilate the whole or any part of a girl’s or woman’s labia majora, labia minora or clitoris for non-medical reasons. Any person found guilty of an offence under the FGMAct is liable to a maximum penalty of 14 years imprisonment. The Act covers England, Wales and Northern Ireland and the nationality or residence status of the victim is irrelevant.

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) has been unlawful in Scotland since 1985 by virtue of the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985. The 2005 Act re-enacts the existing offences in the 1985 Act, and extends protection by giving those offences extra-territorial effect in order to protect those being sent abroad to have FGM carried out.

UNFPA is mobilizing midwives in the prevention and care of FGM through a joint initiative in the context of the UNFPA/UNICEF Joint Programme on FGM/C and the UNFPA Midwifery Programme. Building on the expertise and networks of the two global programmes, UNFPA will empower midwives to serve as role models, counsellors and advocates in the campaign to end FGM.

The Department of Health Patient Information Leaflet provides basic information about FGM and the law and informs patients about recording and reporting practices on the NHS. It can be ordered in a range of community languages from the Department of Health.

This paper covers what FGM is, UK legal framework, International Human Rights Law, Commonwealth legal responses and recommendations

FGM is not related to any specific colour or religion, but to a patriarchal system. This article explores its history and culture, and explains that tackling the practice of FGM has been affected by estimated data and the failure to implement decades of international obligations.

This publication acts as a supplement to Female Genital Mutilation: An RCN Resource for Nursing and Midwifery Practice (2016) and focuses on professionals working in travel health services.

This guide for health professionals contains information on what FGM is, the health complications, the law and safeguarding duties.

This publication focuses on those professionals working in sexual health care services, and their safeguarding duties regarding FGM. Including pathways and guidance.

The National FGM Centre was a pilot project funded by the Department for Education’s Children’s Social Care Innovation Programme for two years from April 2015- March 2017. This evaluation assessed the effectiveness of the National FGM Centre, a partnership between Barnardo’s and the LGA, in achieving its stated aims during the first year.

This guide has been created to help health professionals identify and assess the risk of female genital mutilation (FGM) for patients in your care and to support the discussion with patients and family members.

This report provides findings and recommendations compiled from the London Assembly Conference in January 2017, which are directed at the Mayor to champion the fight against FGM in London and translate his promised into actions.

This leaflet is for pregnant women who have disclosed or have been identified as having FGM. It explains why a case may be referred to social care, what the law and health consequences are and links to how a family can protect their daughter. The leaflet also shows a diagram of the female genitalia that is labelled for women to be able to identify the types of FGM.

This document presents the findings of a call for evidence to develop models of care and care pathways to support the mental health and wellbeing of looked after children. A free SCIE account is needed to download the full report.

A statement for communities explaining What are the health consequences of FGM, How health services can help, FGM and the Law, What to do if you are concerned about a girl at risk of FGM and Other Organisations that can help.

This National Action Plan builds on work that has been happening across Scotland, bringing together best practice alongside Scotland’s national plan, and will help ensure that the necessary steps are taken to put Scotland’s commitment to protecting girls and women from harm into practice.

A practical pathway to support staff compliance with the process of working with a female (adult or child) at risk of undergoing FGM or who has previously undergone FGM.

This guide is aimed at professionals who provide services to children, young people and their families, whether they work in the statutory, community or private sectors, who undertake or contribute to assessments under the UNOCINI Assessment Framework.

This document contains the traditional and local terms for Female Genital Mutilation by country and language. We recommend you ask the family what word they would use to describe FGM and you can use this document to help guide your discussion.