World FGM Map

Belgium

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 17.575

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays for Autumn (Oct/Nov), Christmas, Carnival (Feb/March), Easter, and Summer

Reference: Estimation de la prévalence des filles et femmes ayant subi ou à risque de subir une mutilation génitale féminine vivant en Belgique (2018)

Burkina Faso

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 9%, 15-49yrs: 56% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 2

Common ages: 0-9yrs Medium age: 4yrs

Affected groups: FGM is prevalent amongst all ethnic groups but there is variation in prevalence between ethnic groups.

Terminology: ' 'Excision' (French, excision)

Regional information: Widespread across country (though, prevalence is higher in centre-east and south west)

Local law: Burkina Faso introduced a national law against FGM in 1996 (Article 380). Several cases have been heard in the community-based mobile courts.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in December-January (2 weeks), and March-April (1/2 weeks)

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/burkina-faso/

https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Bulgaria

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 31.0

Local Law: No specified law/can be criminalised under Criminal Code

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Main holidays in October (1 month), Dec/Jan (1 week), April (1 week), Summer- June/July to mid September

Reference: Bulgaria Gender Research Foundation (2005)

General References:

Benin

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No available data, 15-49yrs: 9% (MICS 2025)

Most common type: 1, 2

Common ages: 0-9yrs, Medium age: 9yrs

Affected groups: Peulh, Bariba, Lokpa, Yoa

Terminology: ' 'Excision' (French, excision)

Regional information: Highest prevalence in the north: Alibori, Borgou & Donga

Local law: FGM is prohibited under Law no. 2003-03 on the Suppression of Female Genital Mutilation. To date, there is no evidence of prosecutions under this law.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

References: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/benin/

https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Russia

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No available data 15-49yrs: No available data (MICS 2025)

Most common type: 1,2,4

Common ages: Usually <3

Affected groups: Avar community (predominantly Muslim) and Andi community.

Terminology:

Regional information: Republic of Dagestan (North Caucasus) Botlikh, Tsuntin Bezhta plot (almost universal) Tsumadinsky Tlyaratinsky district ( approx 50%)

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Year starts in December and is divided into 4 semesters by 1/2 week holidays - which occur in November, January and March.

Reference: Antonova & Siradzhudinova (2018): https://srji.org/upload/iblock/957/The_practice_of_female_genital_mutilation_in_Dagestan_strategies_for_its_elimination_15.06.pdf https://www.endfgm.eu/news-en-events/press-releases/first-ever-investigation-on-an-fgm-case-in-russia https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Luxembourg

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 379.0

Local Law: No specified law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays for Summer (2 months- June/July), Autumn (1 week Oct/Nov), Christmas, Winter/carnival (February), Easter, and Pentecost (1 week May/june)

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Liberia

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No Available data 15-49 yrs: 32% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 2

Common ages: Medium age: 14yrs

Affected groups: Kpelle, Bassa, Grebo, Gio, Mano, Kru, Lorma, Kissi & Gola. Those entering Sande societies

Terminology:

Regional information: Prevalence highest in North western and North central regions

Local law: Liberia has no current law banning FGM. A proposed ban in 2017 was removed, and a 2018 executive order prohibiting FGM/C for girls under 18 expired in 2019.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: <a https://www.fgmcri.org/country/liberia/

Romania

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 79.0

Local Law: No specified law/can be criminalised under Criminal law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in Christmas (2 weeks), February (1 week), Spring (2 weeks), and summer (June-September)

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Guinea-Bissau

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 30% 15-49yrs: 52% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 1, 2

Common ages: 0-14yrs Medium age: 9yrs

Affected groups: Muslim women

Terminology: 'Fanado' (Creole,circumcision)

Regional information: Prevalence higher in East & South east

Local law: Guinea-Bissau’s main law on FGM is Law No. 14/2011, which aims to prevent, fight, and suppress the practice. There is little information on cases brought to court.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): nan

Reference: Guinea Bissau | FGM/C Research Initiative (fgmcri.org) https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Greece

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 15.249

Local Law: Convincing someone to undergo FGM is criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in Summer, Christmas, Easter (no set exact dates confirmed)

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Georgia

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No available data, 15-49yrs: No available data (MICS 2025)

Most common type: 1 (Black dot at tip of clitoris)

Common ages: Childhood

Practicing groups: Avar community (predominantly Muslim)

Terminology:

Regional information: Eastern Georgia, Tivi, Saruso & Chantliskure in Kvareli district

Local law: In Georgia, FGM is criminalised under the Criminal Code, with prison terms for those who perform or coerce others into the practice.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

References: https://www.unicef.org/georgia/reports/exploring-harmful-practices-earlychild-marriage-and-fgmc-georgia

https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

United Kingdom

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 137.000

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Academic year September-July divided into 6 by 1/2 week long breaks in October, Dec-Jan, February, April, May and a 6 week summer break (late July-September)

Reference: Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation in England and Wales: National and local estimates (2015)

General References:

Guinea

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 39%, 15-49yrs: 95% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 2

Common ages: 0-14yrs, Medium age: 9yrs

Affected groups: Fula/ Peul, Malinke, Soussou, Guerze, Toma, Nalou

Terminology: 'Excsision'/'female circumcision' (English). 'L'excision' (French,excision).

Regional information: Prevalence widespread (although around 10% lower in N’Zérékoré)

Local law: Guinea banned FGM in 1965. The Criminal Code 2016 and Children’s Code 2008 prohibit the practice, but few cases reach court and sentences are lenient.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

References: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/guinea/

https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Gambia

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 46%, 15-49yrs: 73% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 1, 2

Common ages: 0-9yrs, Medium age: 4yrs

Affected groups: Sarahule, Bambara, Fula

Terminology: 'Niaka' (Mandinka, to cut/weed clean). 'Kuyungo' (Mandinka, The affair'/name given to the shed built for initiates). 'Musolula Karoola' (Mandinka, The women's side/That which concerns women).

Regional information: Highest prevalence in Mansakonko, Brikama & Basse regions

Local law: The Gambia’s Women’s (Amendment) Act 2015 prohibits female circumcision and punishes accomplices. Few prosecutions have been reported.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in October and March (1 week each) and June-August (6 weeks).

References: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/the-gambia/

https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Kuwait

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No available data 15-49yrs: No available data (MICS 2025)

Most common type: 1,3

Common ages: 4-12yrs

Affected groups: Somali, Kisii, Maasai, Kalenjin, Mercu/ Embu, Taita & Taveta

Terminology:

Regional information: Highest in eastern regions (Type III)

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in June-August (2 months), December-January (2 weeks).

Reference: <a https://www.edarabia.com/school-holidays-kuwait/

Ghana

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 0%, 15-49yrs: 2% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 2

Common ages: 9yrs

Practicing groups: Kussasi, Frafra, Kassena, Nankanne, Bussauri, Moshie, Manpruise, Kantasi, Walas,Grunchie,Dargati,Lobi

Terminology: 'Female circumcision' (English).

Regional information: Prevalence highest in North

Local law: Ghana’s Criminal Code prohibited female circumcision in 1994, updated in 2007 to criminalise FGM and increase penalties. Few prosecutions are reported.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): 3 terms 12-15 weeks each. Seperated by holidays in Dec-Jan (2 weeks), April-May (3 weeks), and summer (1 month, July-September).

References: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/ghana/

https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Oman

Prevalence (%):0-14yrs: No available data 15-49yrs: No available data (MICS 2025)

Most common type: 1,2

Common ages: Infancy

Affected groups: Unknown

Terminology: Khifad' (Arabic, circumcision) Badhr (Arabic)

Regional information: Higher in Dhofar region

Local law:FGM is prohibited in Oman under the Child Law and related regulations, though criminalisation and enforcement remain limited.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Divided into two semesters: Early September-mid-January, and semester runs from early February to late May.

Reference: Thabet & Al-Kharousi 2018 survey https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/11/30/submission-committee-rights-child-oman? https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Jordan

Prevalence (%): "0-14yrs: No available data 15-49yrs: No available data (MICS 2025)"

Most common type: 1

Common ages: 8-12yrs

Practicing groups: Jordanian tribe

Terminology:

Regional information: Reported in Rahma, Aqaba

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Two terms, September-January and February-June. Holidays in summer (3 months), and winter (2/3 weeks)

Reference:Shaeer & Shaeer 2013 (online study) https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Croatia

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 112.0

Local Law: Criminalised in 2011

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in Summer (late June-early September),Christmas and Easter (2 weeks each), as well as 1 week in February and a few days in October

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

Hungary

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 396.0

Local Law: No specified law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in summer (mid-June-September), Oct-Nov (1 week), Christmas (2 weeks), April (1 week)

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Portugal

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 6.576

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in summer (July-mid september), Christmas (2 weeks), and Easter (2 weeks in April)

Reference: Mutilação Genital Feminina: prevalências, dinâmicas socioculturais e recomendações para a sua eliminação (2015)

General References:

Peru

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No available data 15-49yrs: No available data (MICS 2025)

Most common type: 4 (introcision)

Common ages: Puberty

Affected groups: Conibos tribe

Terminology: Curacion' (Embera, cure/ healing/ treatment)

Regional information: There are no national statistics on FGM in Peru, but the practice has been reported in some indigenous communities in the northeast.

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Academic calendar split into two semesters; march-july and August-December

Reference: "https://www.orchidproject.org/about-fgc/where-does-fgc-happen/peru/ https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/"

Pakistan

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No available data 15-49yrs: No available data (MICS 2025)

Most common type: 1,4

Common ages: 6/7 (Dawoodi Bohra)

Affected groups: Dawoodi Bohra, Sheedis

Terminology: Khatna' (urdu, circumcision), 'Khafz'

Regional information: Southern Sindh province

Local law: FGM is not specifically criminalised in Pakistan but may be prosecuted under the Penal Code or provincial domestic violence and child protection laws.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): April-March with a two month summer and two week winter break (holidays may vary due to weather conditions)

Reference: <a "https://endfgmcasia.org/fgm-c-in-asia/pakistan.html https://www.fgmcri.org/media/uploads/Country%20Research%20and%20Resources/Pakistan/pakistan_law_report_v1_(november_2024).pdf https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/ https://www.fgmcri.org/country/pakistan/"

Poland

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 207.0

Local Law: No specified law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Terms split with 3 holidays; 1 week in December, 1 week in April, and summer- June-August

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Estonia

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 8.0

Local Law: No specified law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in October (1 week), Christmas (2 weeks), Feb-March (1 week), April (1 week), Summer Mid-June-September

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Egypt

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 14%, 15-49yrs: 87% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 1, 2

Common ages: Prevalence is low in early childhood but rises sharply from around age nine, with most girls affected at or before puberty.

Affected groups: All

Terminology: 'Khitan' (Circumcision) 'Khifad' (To lower) 'Thara' (The clean/purify)

Regional information: Widespread across country, Highest in Upper Egypt and areas surrounding the Nile river: 92.1%

Local law: FGM is criminalised under Law No. 58 of 1937 (Penal Code), amended by Law No. 78 of 2016. The law is not comprehensive and prosecutions, especially of medical professionals practising FGM, are rare in Egypt.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Year runs from September-June with breaks for Christmas, Easter and shorter public holidays.

References: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/egypt/

https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

South Africa

Prevalence: Unknown

Local Law: No specified legislation

Terminology:

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): School runs from January-December and seperated into quarters with breaks every 2-4 months (Winter,Spring,Summer and autumn breaks- Southern hemisphere)

References: Manabe, 2010. SABC, 2019. Mswela, 2009.

Angola

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No available data, 15-49yrs: No available data (MICS 2025)

Most common type: Unknown

Common ages: Unknown

Affected groups: Kwanhama or Kwanyama ethnic group

Terminology:

Regional information: Kwanhama, South Angola

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in October (2 weeks)

Reference:https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Ethiopia

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 16%, 15-49yrs: 65% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 1, 2, 3

Common ages: 0-9yrs Medium age: 4yrs

Affected groups: Oromo, Amhara, Somali, Tigray

Terminology: 'Megrez' (Amharic, Circumcison/cutting). 'Absum' (Harrari, name giving ritual)

Regional information: Highest prevalence in eastern regions, Afar (Type III, 8d old), Dire Dawa (75.3%), Somali (type III)

Local law: FGM is illegal in Ethiopia under Articles 565 to 570 of the 2004 Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in October and March (1 week each) and June-August (6 weeks).

References: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/ethiopia/

https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Zimbabwe

Prevalence: Unknown

Local Law: No specific legislation

Terminology: 'Kudhonza' (Shona,elongation of the labia minora). 'Sunnah' (Arabic, religious tradition or obligation).

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region):Holidays in April-May (5 weeks), August (3 weeks), and December

References: The Herald (2016)-News reports, https://publicholidays.africa/zimbabwe/school-holidays/2023-dates/

Spain

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 15.907

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Main holidays are: July-August (2 months), December-January (2 weeks), and easter/spring holidays in Feb/March/April (1 week each)

Reference: La Mutilación Genital Femenina en España (2020)

General References:

Eritrea

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 33%, 15-49yrs: 83% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 1, 3

Common ages: 0-5yrs Most commonly 1st year of life

Affected groups: All

Terminology: 'Mekhnisab' (Tigregna, Circumcision/Cutting) 'Grazate' (Amharic, Circumcision)

Regional information: Widespread across country (Highest in central North)

Local law: Eritrea’s Proclamation No. 158/2007 prohibits FGM. No prosecution details are available.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

References: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/eritrea/

https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Mali

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 73% 15-49yrs: 89% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 1,2

Common ages: 0-4yrs Medium age: 4yrs

Affected groups: Mande, Peul, Votaic, Songhai, Tuareg, Moor

Terminology: 'Selidijili'/'Sunna'/'Bolokoli' (French/Bambara, ritual purity or ablution/religious tradition or obligation/to wash your hands).

Regional information: Higher prevalence in Southern Mali (South West)

Local law: Mali has no national law criminalising FGM. A 2017 draft law addressing gender-based violence, including FGM/C, has yet to be passed.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): nan

Reference: https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Malawi

Prevalence: Unknown

Local Law: No specified law

Terminology: Initiation/rite of passage (English).

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): School year September-July, each term 15 weeks each- holidays in March and June

References: The Nation, 2013; The Chronicle 2006; The U.S state department 2007

Mauritania

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 45% 15-49yrs: 64% (MICS 2025)

Most common type: 1,2

Common ages: Before the age of 5

Affected groups: All

Terminology: nan

Regional information: Highest prevalence in South and South eastern regions

Local law: FGM is illegal in Mauritania for children under 18 under the 2005 and 2018 child protection laws, with penalties for perpetrators, though enforcement remains weak and information on prosecutions is limited.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Different for French schools. Holidays in Christmas, Winter, and summer.

Reference: <a https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/ https://www.fgmcri.org/media/uploads/Country%20Research%20and%20Resources/Mauritania/mauritania_short_report_v2_(january_2023).pdf https://www.bank-holidays.com/country/mauritania-islamic-republic-of_114.htm

Uganda

Prevalence (%):"0-14 yrs: 1% 15-49yrs: 0% (MICS, 2025) "

Most common type: 1,2,4

Common ages: Medium age: 7yrs

Affected groups: Sabiny, Pokot & Tepeth, Baganda

Terminology: " 'Sunnah' 'Kukeketwa' (Swahili, Female circumcision) 'Tohara kwa wanawake' (Swahili, circumcision of women)."

Regional information: Highest prevalence in the Karamoja region.

Local law: Uganda’s 2010 law prohibits FGM/C, but enforcement is challenging. The practice continues in remote areas, and few prosecutions have taken place.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in May (3 weeks) ,late August- mid September (3 weeks) and early December-February (7 weeks)

Reference: <a "https://www.fgmcri.org/country/uganda/ https://publicholidays.africa/uganda/school-holidays/2024-dates/ https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/"

Malaysia

Prevalence (%): 93% of ethnic Malay women and girls. (Orchid Project, 2024)

Most common type: 1, 4

Common ages: Infancy Usually 40d after birth

Practicing groups: Malay,Orang Asli,Sabah,Sarawak

Terminology: 'Wajib' (Malay, any religious duty commanded by God 'Sunnah' (Malay, religious tradition/obligation)

Regional information: Provinces on Western island most affected

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): 2 semesters: January-May (1 week break in March)

Reference: Malaysia | FGM/C Research Initiative (fgmcri.org) https://endfgmcasia.org/fgm-c-in-asia/malaysia.html

France

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 125.000

Local Law: No specified law/can be criminalised under Criminal Code

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Christmas,spring and summer holidays as well as holidays in October (2 weeks), May (1 week), and February (2 weeks)

Reference: Estimate of adult women with female genital mutilation living in France (2019)

General References:

Finland

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 10.254

Local Law: No specified law/can be criminalised under Criminal Code

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in summer (early June- mid August), end of September (1 week), Christmas (2 weeks), and 1 week February or March

Reference: Action plan for the prevention of female genital mutilation (2019)

General References:

Netherlands

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 41.000

Local Law: No specified law/can be criminalised under Criminal Code

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): 4 terms, holidays in autumn,christmas,spring, and summer - as well as 1/2 weeks in May

Reference: Vrouwelijke Genitale Verminking Omvang en risico in Nederland (2019)

General References:

Norway

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 17.058

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in June-August (2 months), Christmas (2 weeks), Easter (1 week), as well as a few days each in Feb-March and October

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Niger

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No available data 15-49yrs: 2% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 1,2

Common ages: 0-4yrs Medium age: 4yrs

Affected groups: Unknown

Terminology: 'Kaciyar mata' (Hausa,female circumcision)

Regional information: Highest prevalence in Tillaberi (South Western region)

Local law: Niger’s Penal Code (Law No. 2003-025) prohibits FGM. Few prosecutions have been reported, and awareness and enforcement of the law remain weak.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/<

Nigeria

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 8% 15-49yrs: 15% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 2

Common ages: Most likely <5yrs Medium age: 4yrs

Affected groups: Ekoi,Igbo,Yoruba,Hausa,Fulani,Ibibio,Ijaw

Terminology: 'Ibi/Ugwu' (Igbo, the act of cutting). Didabe fun omobirin/ila kiko fun omobirin (Yoruba). Isa aru (Ibo,bathing before delivery). 'Sunna' (Mandingo,religious tradition or obligation).

Regional information: Prevalence highest South West

Local law: Nigeria’s 2015 federal law bans FGM in Abuja, while 32 of 37 states have passed similar laws. Enforcement remains inconsistent.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): January-December- divided into 3 semesters with a month break in between each.

Reference: https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Cote d'ivoire

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 10% 15-49yrs: 37%, 15-18yrs: (MICS 2016)

Most common type: 1, 2

Common ages: 0-9yrs, Medium age: 4yrs

Practicing groups: Yokuba, Gere, We, Guru, Djulu, Malenke

Terminology: ' 'L'excision'/'Excision' (French/English)

Regional information: Prevalence highest in North & West

Local law: Banned in 1998

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Year runs from September-July. Holidays in October-November (1 week), December-January (3 weeks), Easter (2 weeks), and summer (July-September, 7/8 weeks).

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/cote-divoire/, https://publicholidays.africa/ivory-coast/school-holidays/

Switzerland

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 14.700

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): 4 holiday periods; summer (July/August) , autumn (October), winter (December/January) , spring (April/May)

Reference: Mutilations génitales féminines : recommandations pratiques, Obstetrica 11/2019

General References:

Colombia

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No available data, 15-49yrs: No available data (MICS 2025). Although Colombia lacks official data or statistics to account for the incidence of the practice, in 2024, the National Institute of Health registered 60 cases of FGM.

Most common type: 1, 2

Common ages: Infancy

Affected groups: Embera-Chami tribe, Nasa Indigenous tribe

Terminology: 'Curacion' (Embera, cure/healing/ treatment)

Regional information: Highest in west

Local law: Legal (if not resulting in death)

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Two academic calendars; main one is January-November with holidays in Easter,June-July, and October.

References: https://colombia.unfpa.org/es/news/tolerancia-cero-con-la-mgf-2025/

https://www.unfpa.org/news/colombia-efforts-end-fgm-are-empowering-women-be-leaders/

https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Cameroon

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No available data, 15-49yrs: 1% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 1, 2

Common ages: 0-14yrs Medium age: 9yrs

Affected groups: Fulbe & Arab

Terminology:

Regional information: Highest prevalence in North

Local law: Cameroon’s 2016 Penal Code criminalises genital mutilation (Section 277, 10–20 years’ imprisonment), but no FGM prosecutions have been reported.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Year runs from September-July. Holidays in December-January (2 weeks), Easter (April, 2 weeks), and summer (August-September, 9 weeks)

References: https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Canada

Prevalence: 50.000

Local Law: Illegal

Terminology:

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Possible holidays include; Summer (June-September), Christmas, February, Easter/Spring (March/April)

References: End FGM Canada Network https://school-holidays.info/en/canada-school-holidays-2022-by-province-and-territory/

Central African Republik

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 1%, 15-49yrs: 22% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 1, 2

Common ages: 5-14yrs Medium age: 14yrs

Affected groups: Sara, Arab and Mayo-Kebbi

Terminology: 'Ganza' (French/Sango)

Regional information: Higher prevalence in Central CAR, though practiced in all groups

Local law: In the Central African Republic, laws from 2006 and 2010 criminalise FGM, but no prosecutions have been reported.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

References: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/car/

https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No available data, 15-49yrs: No available data (MICS 2025)

Most common type: 4. Labia elongation

Common ages: Puberty onwards

Affected groups: Unknown

Terminology: 'Kukeketwa' (Swahilli, Female circumcission), 'Tohara kwa wanawake' (Circumcission of women)

Regional information: Kivu, Kasai & Katanga provinces, Kinshasa region

Local law: In 2006, the DRC amended its Penal Code to specifically criminalise acts of FGM.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

References: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311886.2023.2226895/

https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Czech Republic

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 312.0

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Year split into 2 by a semester break in February, other breaks include autumn, Christmas, Spring (region dependent), and Summer (July and August)

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Cyprus

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 1.301

Local Law: Criminalised in 2003

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in Summer (mid-June-early September), Christmas and Easter (2 weeks each)

Reference: European journal of Contraception and Reprodictive Health Care (2016)

General References:

Syria

Prevalence: 8.3% (1 STUDY)

Local Law: No specified law

Terminology:

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

References: Shaeer and Shaeer 2013 (online study)

Kenya

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 2% 15-49yrs: 15% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 2

Common ages: 5-18yrs Medium age: 14yrs

Affected groups: Somali, Kisii, Samburu, Maasai, Kalenjin (+cuts off)

Terminology: Kutairi'/'Kutairi was ichana'/'Kuketwa'/'Tohara kwa wanawake' (Swahili Circumcision/circumcision of girls/female circumcision/circumcision of women).

Regional information: Highest in Eastern regions (Type III)

Local law: Kenya’s 2011 FGM Act criminalises all forms of FGM/C, but enforcement remains challenging.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): January-November (K-12 education). Divided into 13 week long terms with a one month break in between.

Reference: https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/<

South Sudan

Prevalence: 1% UNICEF 2015

Local Law: Prohibited

Terminology:

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): School year February-December. Holidays in May (2 weeks), September (2 weeks), and late December-early February

References: https://mogei.gov.ss/super/assets/documents/calendar/2024_MoGEI_Academic%20calendar%20and%20implemention%20guidelines_%20South%20Sudan_A5_final_Approved%20and%20signed%20-%203.pdf, https://www.fgmcri.org/country/south-sudan/

Slovakia

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 57.0

Local Law: No specified law/can be criminalised under Criminal law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in summer (July-September), Christmas (2 weeks), Easter (1 week), as well as shorter holidays in February and October

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Slovenia

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 69.0

Local Law: No specified law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Each year is divided into 2 terms. Holidays include, summer (2 months), autumn, christmas, and first holidays.

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/media/uploads/Law%20Reports/slovenia_law_report_v4_(october_2023).pdf

General References:

Somalia

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No available data 15-49yrs: 99% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 1,2,3

Common ages: 5-9yrs Medium age: 9yrs

Affected groups: All

Terminology: " 'Gudiniin' (Somali, circumcision) 'Halalays' (Somali, sanctioned - implies purity) 'Qodiin' - (Somali, stitching, tightening,sewing - referring to infibulation)

Regional information: Widespread

Local law: Somalia has no national law banning FGM, though legislation is being drafted. Puntland and Somaliland have issued fatwas and policies prohibiting FGM, including Type III (infibulation).

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: <a "https://www.fgmcri.org/country/somalia/ https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/"

Senegal

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 13% 15-49yrs: 20% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 1,2,3

Common ages: 0-9yrs Medium age: 4yrs

Affected groups: Diola, Poular, Mandingue, Soninke, Wolof,Serere

Terminology:

Regional information: Higher prevalence in South Senegal

Local law: Senegal’s 1999 law (Law No. 99-05, Article 299 bis) specifically prohibits FGM.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: <a "https://www.fgmcri.org/country/senegal/ https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/"

Sierra Leone

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 8% 15-49yrs: 83% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 1,2

Common ages: 0-15yrs Medium age: 14yrs

Affected groups: All, though heavily assosiated wuth Bondo secret society.

Terminology: 'Sunna' (Soussou, religious Tradition or obligation) 'Bondo', 'Sonde' (Temenee, Mendee, Mandingo, or Limba - integral part of initiation into adulthood [for non-muslim]). 'Halalays' (Mandinka, sanctioned - implies impurity)

Regional information: Highest prevalence in Karene province (North), lowest in Bo (central province)

Local law: Sierra Leone has no law banning FGM. A nationwide ban was declared during the 2014 Ebola outbreak, but the practice has largely resumed since.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: <a https://www.fgmcri.org/country/sierra-leone/ https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Sweden

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 38.939

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Schedule determined annually. Holidays in Summer,Autumn,Christmas,February and Easter.

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/media/uploads/Law%20Reports/sweden_law_report_v4_(november_2023).pdf

General References:

Sudan

Prevalence (%):0-14yrs: 30% 15-49yrs: 87% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 1,3

Common ages: 9yrs

Practicing groups: All

Terminology: Tahoor/Takhor' (Arabic: to purify, circumcision) Khifad (Arabic)

Regional information: Highest prevalence in North West

Local law: Sudan criminalised FGM with the 2020 amendment to the Criminal Act (Article 141A, Law No. 12). Previously, only four states had attempted anti-FGM laws, with weak enforcement.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/ https://www.fgmcri.org/country/sudan/

Djibouti

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 31%, 15-49yrs: 90% (MICS 2025)

Most common type: 3

Common ages: 5-9yrs, Medium age: 9yrs

Affected groups: All

Terminology: 'Gudnin' (Somali, Circumcision) 'L'excision' (French, excision)

Regional information: Widespread across country

Local law: Djibouti’s 1995 law (Article 333) prohibits FGM, with 2009 amendments (Law No. 55) criminalising failure to report the practice.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

References: https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Denmark

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 7.910

Local Law: Criminalised in 2005

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in Summer (end June-early August), October (1 week), Christmas (2 weeks), February (1 week), and Easter (1 week)

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Germany

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 74.899

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): 5 main holidays; Summer (July-August/September), Autumn (October/November), Christmas, Winter (February), and Easter

Reference: Dunkelzifferstatistik zu weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung in Deutschland, Terre des Femmes (2020)

General References:

Yemen

Prevalence (%): 0-14: 15% 15-49yrs: 19% (MICS 2025)

Most common type: 2

Common ages:First week after birth

Affected groups: Unknown

Terminology: 'Al-takmeed' (Arabic,Compression)

Regional information: Highest prevalence areas Hadramout and Al-Mrah (East), also high in Al-hodieidah.

Local law:FGM is not specifically criminalised in Yemen; a 2014 child rights bill proposing penalties remains pending.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/yemen/

Austria

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 7.036

Local Law: No specified law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in July-September (2 months), Christmas (2 weeks), February (1 week), Easter (1 week), as well as a few days in October

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

United States

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 513.000

Local Law: Criminalised (though specifically prohibited in only 35/50 states)

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Terms split up by; Summer break (10/11 weeks), Christmas (1/2 weeks), Spring/Easter (1 week), as well as days off for thanksgiving

Reference: Goldberg, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in the United States: Updated Estimates of Women and Girls at Risk, (NCBI, 2012).

General References:

Latvia

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 5.0

Local Law: No specified law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in summer (June-September), October (1 week), Christmas (2 weeks), March (1 week)

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Sri Lanka

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No available data 15-49yrs: No available data (MICS 2025)

Most common type: 1,2,4

Common ages: 15-40 days after birth

Affected groups: Sri Lanka has no national data on FGM, but the practice is reported anecdotally in some Muslim communities, mainly among Moors, Malays and the small Dawoodi Bohra population. Not all Muslim groups practise FGM.

Terminology: 'Sunnah' (Tamil, religious obligatio/ tradition for Muslims), Khatna (Dawoodi Bohra)

Regional information: Unknown

Local law: Sri Lanka has no law specifically criminalising FGM. A 2008 fatwa mandated the practice, while a 2018 Ministry of Health circular addressed related health concerns.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Dependent on school type. Holidays in May/June (2 weeks), July (2 weeks), Oct/November (2-4 weeks),

Reference: <a "https://www.fgmcri.org/country/sri-lanka/ https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/"

Thailand

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No available data 15-49yrs: No available data (MICS 2025) Prevalence of Sunat among Malay and Dawoodi Bohra communities is 75–90%

Most common type: 1,4

Common ages: FGM is usually performed in infancy for Malay-Muslim girls and at about seven years for Dawoodi Bohra girls.

Affected groups: Thai, Malay, Chinese & Dawoodi Bohra

Terminology: 'Sunat' (Malay, circumcision)

Regional information: South Thailand & Satun province

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): 2 main holidays, March-May (6/8 weeks), and 2/3 weeks in October.

Reference: <a https://www.fgmcri.org/country/thailand/ https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Togo

Prevalence (%): 0-14 yrs: 0% 15-49yrs: 3% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 1,2

Common ages: 0-14yrs Most common 5-9y

Affected groups: Muslim women (DHS 2015), and Autres Togolais

Terminology: 'Female circumcision' (English). 'L'excision' (French).

Regional information: Highest prevalence in Central Togo

Local law: Togo’s FGM laws include Law No. 98-016 (1998) and the 2015 Penal Code (Law No. 2015-010). Enforcement is weak, and few prosecutions are publicly reported.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: <a https://www.fgmcri.org/country/togo/ https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Chad

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 7%, 15-49yrs: 34% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 2

Common ages: 0-14yrs Medium age: 9yrs

Affected groups: Dadajo,Sara, Arab, Hadjarai, Ouadai, Fitri-Batha

Terminology: 'Bagne'/'Gadja' (Nilo Sudanic Language)

Regional information: Higher prevalence in South East

Local law: The main law relating to FGM in Chad is Law 006/PR/2002, The Reproductive Health Law, dated March 2002.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

References: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/chad/

https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Libya

Prevalence: 8.4% (1 STUDY)

Local Law: No specified law

Terminology:

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Year runs from late autumn-June/July/August (grade dependent). Spring break in March

References: Shaeer and Shaeer 2013 (online study)

United Arab Emirates

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No available data 15-49yrs: No available data (MICS 2025)

Most common type: 4

Common ages: Infancy

Practicing groups: Sudanese, Somali, Omani

Terminology:

Regional information: Low throughout country

Local law:The UAE has no specific law criminalising FGM, and while the Ministry of Health bans it in state hospitals and clinics, the practice is not explicitly prohibited or penalised under federal law.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Three terms: September-December, January-March, and April-July

Reference: https://campaignforjustice.musawah.org/repository/united-arab-emirates

Iraq (Kurdistan)

Prevalence (%): "0-14yrs: 1% 15-49yrs: 7% (MICS 2025)"

Most common type: 1

Common ages: 0-9yrs Medium age: 9yrs

Affected groups: Kurdish, Arab, Turkmen

Terminology: Khatana (Kurdish,Circumcision)

Regional information: Juristan (North): 77.9% in Suleymaniya 81.2% in Garmyan & New Kirkuk 63% in Arbil 7% in Dohuk

Local law: FGM has been illegal under Kurdish law since 2011, but enforcement remains weak despite penalties.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: <a https://www.fgmcri.org/country/iraqi-kurdistan/

Iran

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: No available data 15-49yrs: No available data (MICS 2025)

Most common type: 1,2

Common ages: 7yrs

Affected groups: Muslim women

Terminology: Khatne' (circumcision) Khatana (Kurdish Sorani, circumcision) Sunat (Farsi, circumcision)

Regional information: Highest in South & West

Local law: FGM is criminalised in Iran, with penalties under the Islamic Penal Code, but enforcement is limited

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Academic year September-June. Schools closed end of March-early April.

Reference: <a https://www.fgmcri.org/media/uploads/Continent%20Research%20and%20Resources/Middle%20East/kameel_-_en_final.pdf

Italy

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 87.600

Local Law: Criminalised in 2006

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Very region dependent. Possible holidays may include; Summer (June/July-September), Christmas, Carnival (February), and Easter.

Reference: Stima del numero di donne portatrici di mutilazioni genitali, delle bambine a rischio e dell’attitudine nei confronti della pratica (2019)

General References:

Austalia

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 53.000

Local Law: Illegal

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in late December-end January, April (1 week), June/July (3 weeks), and September/October (2 weeks)

Reference: The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2019)

India

Prevalence (%): National data unavailable. 75% to 85% in the Dawoodi Bohra community

Most common type: 1,4

Common ages: Infancy

Affected groups: The Dawoodi Bohra community is the main group in India known to practise FGM; it may also occur in smaller numbers in other communities, though no surveys have been conducted.

Terminology: 'Khatna'/'Khatnauracion' (Lisan ud-dawat [Gujarati dialect] circumcision)

Regional information: Mainly in the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.

Local law: India has no specific FGM law. Existing laws could be applied, but no prosecutions have occurred.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Year runs from May/June-March

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/india/

Tanzania

Prevalence (%):0-14yrs: 1% 15-49yrs: 8% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 2

Common ages: 8yrs

Affected groups: Chagga,Gogo,Hadza,Kurya,Massai, Nyaturu

Terminology: Kuketwa' (Swahili, female circumcision) 'Tohara kwa wanawake' (Sawhili, circumcision of women)

Regional information: Highest in Mara, Arusha, Manyara (58% prevalence), Dodoma & Singida (North East regions)

Local law: Tanzania’s 1998 law (Sexual Offences Special Provisions Act, Section 169A) prohibits FGM on girls under 18. Enforcement is variable, and cases rarely reach court.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: <a https://www.fgmcri.org/country/tanzania/ https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

Ireland

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 5.790

Local Law: Criminalised: FGM act (2012)

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in summer (May/June-Early September), October (1 week), Christmas (2 weeks), February (1 week), Easter

Reference: AKIDWA estimations based on Ireland’s Central Statistics Office (2016)

General References:

Indonesia

Prevalence (%):0-14yrs: No available data 15 - 49yrs: 51% (MICS, 2025)

Most common type: 1, 4

Common ages: FIrst months or weeks of life

Affected groups: Among Muslim women (FGM promoted as obligatory religious requirement)

Terminology: Sunat/Sunat Perempuan (Malay, circumcision/females sunnah or tradition) ‘Pemotongan dan/atau Pelukaan Genitalia Perempuan' (Bahasa, cutting and/or Injuring Female Genitalia).

Regional information: Spead across country

Local law:Indonesia banned FGM for girls under five in July 2024 (Gov. Reg. 28/2024, Art.102(a)).

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Two terms, July-December and January-June (Schools also closed during Ramadan and Eid-ul-Fitr

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/indonesia/ https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation