World FGM Map

Belgium

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 17.575

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays for Autumn (Oct/Nov), Christmas, Carnival (Feb/March), Easter, and Summer

Reference: Estimation de la prévalence des filles et femmes ayant subi ou à risque de subir une mutilation génitale féminine vivant en Belgique (2018)

Burkina Faso

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 9% 15-49yrs: 56% (DHS, 2021)

Most common type: 2

Common ages: 0-9yrs Medium age: 4yrs

Practicing groups: All

Terminology: ' 'Excision' (French, excision)

Regional information: Widespread across country (though, prevalence is higher in centre-east and south west)

Local law: Banned in 1996

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in December-January (2 weeks), and March-April (1/2 weeks).

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/burkina-faso/

Additional References (General):

Bulgaria

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 31.0

Local Law: No specified law/can be criminalised under Criminal Code

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Main holidays in October (1 month), Dec/Jan (1 week), April (1 week), Summer- June/July to mid September

Reference: Bulgaria Gender Research Foundation (2005)

General References:

Benin

Prevalence (%): 15-49yrs: 9%, 15-18yrs: 2.4%, (MICS 2014)

Most common type: 1, 2

Common ages: 0-9yrs, Medium age: 9yrs

Practicing groups: Peulh, Bariba, Lokpa, Yoa

Terminology: ' 'Excision' (French, excision)

Regional information: Highest prevalence in the north: Alibori, Borgou & Donga

Local law: Banned in 2003

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/benin/, https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/cp/fgm/FGM_BEN.pdf

Russia

Prevalence (%): Unknown

Most common type: 1,2,4

Common ages: Usually <3

Practicing groups: Muslim communities

Terminology:

Regional information: Republic of Dagestan (North Caucasus) Botlikh, Tsuntin Bezhta plot (almost universal) Tsumadinsky Tlyaratinsky district ( approx 50%)

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Year starts in December and is divided into 4 semesters by 1/2 week holidays - which occur in November, January and March.

Reference: Antonova & Siradzhudinova (2016)

Luxembourg

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 379.0

Local Law: No specified law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays for Summer (2 months- June/July), Autumn (1 week Oct/Nov), Christmas, Winter/carnival (February), Easter, and Pentecost (1 week May/june)

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Liberia

Prevalence (%): 15-49yrs: 31.8% (DHS 2019-20) 15-18yrs: 31.1% (DHS, 2013)

Most common type: 2

Common ages: Medium age: 14yrs

Practicing groups: Kpelle, Bassa, Grebo, Gio, Mano, Kru, Lorma, Kissi & Gola. Those entering Sande societies

Terminology:

Regional information: Prevalence highest in North western and North central regions

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/liberia/

Romania

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 79.0

Local Law: No specified law/can be criminalised under Criminal law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in Christmas (2 weeks), February (1 week), Spring (2 weeks), and summer (June-September)

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Guinea-Bissau

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 30% 15-49yrs: 52.1% (MICS, 2018-19)

Most common type: 1, 2

Common ages: 0-14yrs Medium age: 9yrs

Practicing groups: Muslim women

Terminology: 'Fanado' (Creole,circumcision)

Regional information: Prevalence higher in East & South east

Local law: Banned in 2011

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): nan

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/guinea-bissau/

Greece

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 15.249

Local Law: Convincing someone to undergo FGM is criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in Summer, Christmas, Easter (no set exact dates confirmed)

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Georgia

Prevalence (%): Unknown

Most common type: 1 (Black dot at tip of clitoris)

Common ages: Childhood

Practicing groups: Avar community (predominantly Muslim)

Terminology:

Regional information: Eastern Georgia, Tivi, Saruso & Chantliskure in Kvareli district

Local law: Criminalised

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: IWPR,2016.

United Kingdom

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 137.000

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Academic year September-July divided into 6 by 1/2 week long breaks in October, Dec-Jan, February, April, May and a 6 week summer break (late July-September)

Reference: Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation in England and Wales: National and local estimates (2015)

General References:

Guinea

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 39% 15-49yrs: 94.5% (DHS 2018)

Most common type: 2

Common ages: 0-14yrs, Medium age: 9yrs

Practicing groups: Fula/ Peul, Malinke, Soussou,Guerze, Toma,Nalou

Terminology: 'Excsision'/'female circumcision' (English). 'L'excision' (French,excision).

Regional information: Prevalence widespread (although around 10% lower in N’Zérékoré)

Local law: Banned in 1996

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/guinea/

Ethiopia

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 46% 15-49yrs: 72.6% (DHS 2019-2020)

Most common type: 1, 2

Common ages: 0-9yrs, Medium age: 4yrs

Practicing groups: Sarahule, Bambara, Fula

Terminology: 'Niaka' (Mandinka, to cut/weed clean). 'Kuyungo' (Mandinka, The affair'/name given to the shed built for initiates). 'Musolula Karoola' (Mandinka, The womens side/That which concerns women).

Regional information: Highest prevalence in Mansakonko, Brikama & Basse regions

Local law: Banned in 2015

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in October and March (1 week each) and June-August (6 weeks).

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/the-gambia/

Kuwait

Prevalence (%): 38% (Rachana Chibber, Eyad El-Saleh & Jihad el Harmi, 2011)

Most common type: 1,3

Common ages: 4-12yrs

Practicing groups: Somali, Kisii, Maasai, Kalenjin, Mercu/ Embu, Taita & Taveta

Terminology:

Regional information: Highest in eastern regions (Type III)

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in June-August (2 months), December-January (2 weeks).

Reference: https://www.edarabia.com/school-holidays-kuwait/

Ghana

Prevalence (%): 15-49yrs: 2.4% (MICS 2017-2018

Most common type: 2

Common ages: 9yrs

Practicing groups: Kussasi, Frafra, Kassena, Nankanne, Bussauri, Moshie, Manpruise, Kantasi, Walas,Grunchie,Dargati,Lobi

Terminology: 'Female circumcision' (English).

Regional information: Prevalence highest in North

Local law: Banned in 1994 (amended in 2007)

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): 3 terms 12-15 weeks each. Seperated by holidays in Dec-Jan (2 weeks), April-May (3 weeks), and summer (1 month, July-September).

Reference: The Ghana Education Service (GES)

Oman

Prevalence (%): 53% (UNICEF, 2006) 95,5% (Al-Dakhiliya province)

Most common type: 1,2

Common ages: Infancy

Practicing groups: Unknown

Terminology: Khifad' (Arabic, circumcision) Badhr (Arabic)

Regional information: Higher in Dhofar region

Local law: Illegal to be practiced by health facilities

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Divided into two semesters: Early September-mid-January, and semester runs from early February to late May.

Reference: Thabet & Al-Kharousi 2018 survey

Jordan

Prevalence (%): 7.4% (FROM 1 SMALL STUDY)

Most common type: 1

Common ages: 8-12yrs

Practicing groups: Jordanian tribe

Terminology:

Regional information: Reported in Rahma, Aqaba

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Two terms, September-January and February-June. Holidays in summer (3 months), and winter (2/3 weeks)

Reference: Shaeer & Shaeer 2013 (online study)

Croatia

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 112.0

Local Law: Criminalised in 2011

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in Summer (late June-early September),Christmas and Easter (2 weeks each), as well as 1 week in February and a few days in October

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

Hungary

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 396.0

Local Law: No specified law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in summer (mid-June-September), Oct-Nov (1 week), Christmas (2 weeks), April (1 week)

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Portugal

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 6.576

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in summer (July-mid september), Christmas (2 weeks), and Easter (2 weeks in April)

Reference: Mutilação Genital Feminina: prevalências, dinâmicas socioculturais e recomendações para a sua eliminação (2015)

General References:

Peru

Prevalence (%): Unknown

Most common type: 4 (introcision)

Common ages: Pre puberty

Practicing groups: Conibos tribe

Terminology: Curacion' (Embera, cure/ healing/ treatment)

Regional information: Unknown

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Academic calendar split into two semesters; march-july and August-December

Reference: ONCHR 1995

Pakistan

Prevalence (%): Dawoodi Bohra 46+: 92% 18-25: 68% 75-85% overall (Sahiyo Survey)

Most common type: 1,4

Common ages: 6/7 (Dawoodi Bohra)

Practicing groups: Dawoodi Bohra, Sheedis

Terminology: Khatna' (urdu, circumcision), 'Khafz'

Regional information: Southern Sindh province

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): April-March with a two month summer and two week winter break (holidays may vary due to weather conditions)

Reference: https://endfgmcasia.org/fgm-c-in-asia/pakistan.html, https://www.fgmcri.org/country/pakistan/

Poland

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 207.0

Local Law: No specified law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Terms split with 3 holidays; 1 week in December, 1 week in April, and summer- June-August

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Estonia

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 8.0

Local Law: No specified law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in October (1 week), Christmas (2 weeks), Feb-March (1 week), April (1 week), Summer Mid-June-September

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Egypt

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 14% 15-49yrs: 87.2% 15-18yrs: 69.6% (DHS, 2015)

Most common type: 1, 2

Common ages: 5-14yrs Medium age: 10yrs

Practicing groups: All

Terminology: 'Khitan'/'Thara'/'Khifad' (Arabic, Circumcision/To Clean or purify/To lower.

Regional information: Widespread across country, Highest in Upper Egypt and areas surrounding the Nile river: 92.1%

Local law: Criminalised in 2008

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Year runs from September-June with breaks for Christmas, Easter and shorter public holidays.

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/egypt/

South Africa

Prevalence: Unknown

Local Law: No specified legislation

Terminology:

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): School runs from January-December and seperated into quarters with breaks every 2-4 months (Winter,Spring,Summer and autumn breaks- Southern hemisphere)

References: Manabe, 2010. SABC, 2019. Mswela, 2009.

Angola

Prevalence (%): Unknown

Most common type: Unknown

Common ages: Unknown

Practicing groups: Kwanhama or Kwanyama ethnic group

Terminology:

Regional information: Kwanhama, South Angola

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in Ocotber (2 weeks)...

Reference:

Ethiopia

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 16% 15-49yrs: 65.2% 15-18yrs: 47.1% (DHS, 2016)

Most common type: 1, 2, 3

Common ages: 0-9yrs Medium age: 4yrs

Practicing groups: Oromo,Amhara,Somali,Tigray

Terminology: 'Megrez' (Amharic, Circumcison/cutting). 'Absum' (Harrari, name giving ritual)

Regional information: Highest prevalence in eastern regions, Afar (Type III, 8d old), Dire Dawa (75.3%), Somali (type III)

Local law: Banned in 2004

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in October and March (1 week each) and June-August (6 weeks).

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/ethiopia/

Zimbabwe

Prevalence: Unknown

Local Law: No specific legislation

Terminology: 'Kudhonza' (Shona,elongation of the labia minora). 'Sunnah' (Arabic, religious tradition or obligation).

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region):Holidays in April-May (5 weeks), August (3 weeks), and December

References: The Herald (2016)-News reports, https://publicholidays.africa/zimbabwe/school-holidays/2023-dates/

Spain

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 15.907

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Main holidays are: July-August (2 months), December-January (2 weeks), and easter/spring holidays in Feb/March/April (1 week each)

Reference: La Mutilación Genital Femenina en España (2020)

General References:

Eritrea

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 33% 15-49yrs: 83% 15-18yrs: 68.8% (DHS, 2010)

Most common type: 1, 3

Common ages: 0-5yrs Most commonly 1st year of life

Practicing groups: All

Terminology: 'Mekhnisab' (Tigregna, Circumcision/Cutting) 'Grazate' (Amharic, Circumcision)

Regional information: Widespread across country (Highest in central North)

Local law: Criminalised in 2007

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/eritrea/

Mali

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 73% 15-49yrs: 88.6% (DHS 2018) 15-18yrs: 90.3% (DHS 2012-2013)

Most common type: 1,2

Common ages: 0-4yrs Medium age: 4yrs

Practicing groups: Mande, Peul, Votaic, Songhai, Tuareg, Moor

Terminology: 'Selidijili'/'Sunna'/'Bolokoli' (French/Bambara, ritual purity or ablution/religious tradition or obligation/to wash your hands).

Regional information: Higher prevalence in Southern Mali (South West)

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): nan

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/mali/

Malawi

Prevalence: Unknown

Local Law: No specified law

Terminology: Initiation/rite of passage (English).

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): School year September-July, each term 15 weeks each- holidays in March and June

References: The Nation, 2013; The Chronicle 2006; The U.S state department 2007

Mauritania

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 45% 15-49yrs: 64% (DHS 2019-21) 15-18yrs: 65.9% (MICS, 2011)

Most common type: 1,2

Common ages: 0-4yrs Medium age: 4yrs

Practicing groups: All

Terminology: nan

Regional information: Highest prevalence in South and South eastern regions

Local law: Banned in 2005

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Different for French schools. Holidays in Christmas, Winter, and summer.

Reference: https://www.bank-holidays.com/country/mauritania-islamic-republic-of_114.htm

Uganda

Prevalence (%): 15-49yrs: 0.3% (DHS 2016) 15-18yrs: 1% (DHS, 2011)

Most common type: 1,2,4

Common ages: Medium age: 7yrs

Practicing groups: Sabiny, Pokot & Tepeth, Baganda

Terminology: 'Kuketwa'/'Tohara kwa wanawake' (Sawhili,female circumcision/circumcision of women).

Regional information: Highest prevalence in the Karamoja region.

Local law: Banned in 2010

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in May (3 weeks) ,late August- mid September (3 weeks) and early December-February (7 weeks)

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/uganda/, https://publicholidays.africa/uganda/school-holidays/2024-dates/

Malaysia

Prevalence (%): 93% of ethnic Malay women and girls. (Orchid Project, 2024)

Most common type: 1, 4

Common ages: Infancy Usually 40d after birth

Practicing groups: Malay,Orang Asli,Sabah,Sarawak

Terminology: 'Wajib' (Malay, any religious duty commanded by God 'Sunnah' (Malay, religious tradition/obligation)

Regional information: Provinces on Western island most affected

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): 2 semesters: January-May (1 week break in March)

Reference: Malaysia | FGM/C Research Initiative (fgmcri.org) https://endfgmcasia.org/fgm-c-in-asia/malaysia.html

France

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 125.000

Local Law: No specified law/can be criminalised under Criminal Code

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Christmas,spring and summer holidays as well as holidays in October (2 weeks), May (1 week), and February (2 weeks)

Reference: Estimate of adult women with female genital mutilation living in France (2019)

General References:

Finland

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 10.254

Local Law: No specified law/can be criminalised under Criminal Code

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in summer (early June- mid August), end of September (1 week), Christmas (2 weeks), and 1 week February or March

Reference: Action plan for the prevention of female genital mutilation (2019)

General References:

Netherlands

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 41.000

Local Law: No specified law/can be criminalised under Criminal Code

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): 4 terms, holidays in autumn,christmas,spring, and summer - as well as 1/2 weeks in May

Reference: Vrouwelijke Genitale Verminking Omvang en risico in Nederland (2019)

General References:

Norway

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 17.058

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in June-August (2 months), Christmas (2 weeks), Easter (1 week), as well as a few days each in Feb-March and October

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Niger

Prevalence (%): 15-49yrs: 2% 15-18yrs: 1.4% (DHA, 2012)

Most common type: 1,2

Common ages: 0-4yrs Medium age: 4yrs

Practicing groups: Unknown

Terminology: 'Kaciyar mata' (Hausa,female circumcision)

Regional information: Highest prevalence in Tillaberi (South Western region)

Local law: Banned in 2003

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/niger/

Nigeria

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 8% 15-49yrs: 15% (MICS, 2021)

Most common type: 2

Common ages: Most likely <5yrs Medium age: 4yrs

Practicing groups: Ekoi,Igbo,Yoruba,Hausa,Fulani,Ibibio,Ijaw

Terminology: 'Ibi/Ugwu' (Igbo, the act of cutting). Didabe fun omobirin/ila kiko fun omobirin (Yoruba). Isa aru (Ibo,bathing before delivery). 'Sunna' (Mandingo,religious tradition or obligation).

Regional information: Prevalence highest South West

Local law: Criminalised in some states

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): January-December- divided into 3 semesters with a month break in between each.

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/nigeria/

Cote d'ivoire

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 10% 15-49yrs: 37%, 15-18yrs: (MICS 2016)

Most common type: 1, 2

Common ages: 0-9yrs, Medium age: 4yrs

Practicing groups: Yokuba, Gere, We, Guru, Djulu, Malenke

Terminology: ' 'L'excision'/'Excision' (French/English)

Regional information: Prevalence highest in North & West

Local law: Banned in 1998

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Year runs from September-July. Holidays in October-November (1 week), December-January (3 weeks), Easter (2 weeks), and summer (July-September, 7/8 weeks).

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/cote-divoire/, https://publicholidays.africa/ivory-coast/school-holidays/

Switzerland

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 14.700

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): 4 holiday periods; summer (July/August) , autumn (October), winter (December/January) , spring (April/May)

Reference: Mutilations génitales féminines : recommandations pratiques, Obstetrica 11/2019

General References:

Colombia

Prevalence (%): Unknown

Most common type: 1, 2

Common ages: Infancy

Practicing groups: Embera-Chami tribe, Nasa Indigenous tribe

Terminology: 'Curacion' (Embera, cure/healing/ treatment)

Regional information: Highest in west

Local law: Legal (if not resulting in death)

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Two academic calendars; main one is January-November with holidays in Easter,June-July, and October.

Reference: Henao (2011), UNFPA (2011)

Cameroon

Prevalence (%): 15-49yrs: 1% 15-18yrs: 0.4% (DHS, 2004)

Most common type: 1, 2

Common ages: 0-14yrs Medium age: 9yrs

Practicing groups: Fulbe & Arab

Terminology:

Regional information: Highest prevalence in North

Local law: Criminalised in 2016

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Year runs from September-July. Holidays in December-January (2 weeks), Easter (April, 2 weeks), and summer (August-September, 9 weeks)

Reference: fgmcri.org/country/cameroon/

Canada

Prevalence: 50.000

Local Law: Illegal

Terminology:

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Possible holidays include; Summer (June-September), Christmas, February, Easter/Spring (March/April)

References: End FGM Canada Network https://school-holidays.info/en/canada-school-holidays-2022-by-province-and-territory/

Central African Republik

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 1% 15-49yrs: 21.6% (MICS, 2018-19)

Most common type: 1, 2

Common ages: 5-14yrs Medium age: 14yrs

Practicing groups: Sara, Arab and Mayo-Kebbi

Terminology: 'Ganza' (French/Sango)

Regional information: Higher prevalence in Central CAR, though practiced in all groups

Local law: Banned in 1966 (amended in 1996)- also related laws in 2006 and 2010

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/car/

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Prevalence (%): <5% (UNICEF, 2007)

Most common type: Labia elongation

Common ages: Puberty onwards

Practicing groups: Unknown

Terminology: 'Kukeketwa'/'Tohara kwa wanawake' (Swahilli, Female circumcission/circumcission of women.

Regional information: Kivu, Kasai & Katanga provinces, Kinshasa region

Local law: Illegal

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: http://www.refworld.org/publisher/IRBC.html

Czech Republic

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 312.0

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Year split into 2 by a semester break in February, other breaks include autumn, Christmas, Spring (region dependent), and Summer (July and August)

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Cyprus

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 1.301

Local Law: Criminalised in 2003

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in Summer (mid-June-early September), Christmas and Easter (2 weeks each)

Reference: European journal of Contraception and Reprodictive Health Care (2016)

General References:

Syria

Prevalence: 8.3% (1 STUDY)

Local Law: No specified law

Terminology:

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

References: Shaeer and Shaeer 2013 (online study)

Kenya

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 2% 15-49yrs: 15% (DHS, 2022)

Most common type: 2

Common ages: 5-18yrs Medium age: 14yrs

Practicing groups: Somali, Kisii, Samburu, Maasai, Kalenjin (+cuts off)

Terminology: Kutairi'/'Kutairi was ichana'/'Kuketwa'/'Tohara kwa wanawake' (Swahili Circumcision/circumcision of girls/female circumcision/circumcision of women).

Regional information: Highest in Eastern regions (Type III)

Local law: Banned in 2001 (amended in 2011)

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): January-November (K-12 education). Divided into 13 week long terms with a one month break in between.

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/kenya/

South Sudan

Prevalence: 1% UNICEF 2015

Local Law: Prohibited

Terminology:

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): School year February-December. Holidays in May (2 weeks), September (2 weeks), and late December-early February

References: https://mogei.gov.ss/super/assets/documents/calendar/2024_MoGEI_Academic%20calendar%20and%20implemention%20guidelines_%20South%20Sudan_A5_final_Approved%20and%20signed%20-%203.pdf, https://www.fgmcri.org/country/south-sudan/

Slovakia

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 57.0

Local Law: No specified law/can be criminalised under Criminal law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in summer (July-September), Christmas (2 weeks), Easter (1 week), as well as shorter holidays in February and October

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Slovenia

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 69.0

Local Law: No specified law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Each year is divided into 2 terms. Holidays include, summer (2 months), autumn, christmas, and first holidays.

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/media/uploads/Law%20Reports/slovenia_law_report_v4_(october_2023).pdf

General References:

Somalia

Prevalence (%): 15-49yrs: 99.2% (SHDS 2020) 15-18yrs: 96.7% (MICS, 2006)

Most common type: 1,2,3

Common ages: 5-9yrs Medium age: 9yrs

Practicing groups: All

Terminology: 'Gudini' or 'Gudniin'/'Halalays'/'Qodiin' (Somali, circumcision/sanctioned[implies impurity]/stitches, tightening,sewing[infibulation].

Regional information: Widespread

Local law: No specified law, however Puntland state enacted laws against type III FGM.

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/somalia/

Senegal

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 16% 15-49yrs: 25.2% ( continuous DHS 2019) 15-18yrs: 22.2% (DHS, 2015)

Most common type: 1,2,3

Common ages: 0-9yrs Medium age: 4yrs

Practicing groups: Diola, Poular, Mandingue, Soninke, Wolof,Serere

Terminology:

Regional information: Higher prevalence in South Senegal

Local law: Banned in 1999

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/senegal/

Sierra Leone

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 8% 15-49yrs: 83% (DHS 2019) 15-18yrs: 74.3% (MICS, 2013)

Most common type: 1,2

Common ages: 0-15yrs Medium age: 14yrs

Practicing groups: All, though heavily assosiated wuth Bondo secret society.

Terminology: 'Sunna' (Soussou, Religious Tradition or obligation). 'Bondo'/'Sonde' (Temenee,Mendee,Mandingo,Limba-integral part of initiation into adulthood [non-muslim]). 'Halalays' (Mandinka,sanctioned[implies impurity].

Regional information: Highest prevalence in Karene province (North), lowest in Bo (central province)

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/sierra-leone/

Sweden

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 38.939

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Schedule determined annually. Holidays in Summer,Autumn,Christmas,February and Easter.

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/media/uploads/Law%20Reports/sweden_law_report_v4_(november_2023).pdf

General References:

Sudan

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 30% 15-49yrs: 87% (MICS 2014)

Most common type: 1,3

Common ages: 9yrs

Practicing groups: All

Terminology: Tahoor/Takhor' (Arabic: to purify, circumcision) Khifad (Arabic)

Regional information: Highest prevalence in North West

Local law: Criminalised in 2021

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: UNICEF

Djibouti

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 31% 15-49yrs: 90% (EVFF 2019)

Most common type: 3, 4

Common ages: 0-9yrs Medium age: 9yrs

Practicing groups: All

Terminology: 'Gudnin' (Somali, Circumcision) 'L'excision' (French, excision)

Regional information: Widespread across country

Local law: Banned in 1995 (amended in 2009)

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/djibouti/

Denmark

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 7.910

Local Law: Criminalised in 2005

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in Summer (end June-early August), October (1 week), Christmas (2 weeks), February (1 week), and Easter (1 week)

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Germany

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 74.899

Local Law: Criminalised

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): 5 main holidays; Summer (July-August/September), Autumn (October/November), Christmas, Winter (February), and Easter

Reference: Dunkelzifferstatistik zu weiblicher Genitalverstümmelung in Deutschland, Terre des Femmes (2020)

General References:

Yemen

Prevalence (%): 0-14: 15% (NSPMS) 15-49yrs: 19% 15-18yrs: 16.4% (DHS, 2013)

Most common type: 2

Common ages: 1st week after birth Vast majority cut within 1st month/ weeks of life

Practicing groups: Unknown

Terminology: 'Al-takmeed' (Arabic,Compression)

Regional information: Highest prevalence areas Hadramout and Al-Mrah (East), also high in Al-hodieidah.

Local law: Banned in 2001

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/yemen/

Austria

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 7.036

Local Law: No specified law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in July-September (2 months), Christmas (2 weeks), February (1 week), Easter (1 week), as well as a few days in October

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

United States

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 513.000

Local Law: Criminalised (though specifically prohibited in only 35/50 states)

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Terms split up by; Summer break (10/11 weeks), Christmas (1/2 weeks), Spring/Easter (1 week), as well as days off for thanksgiving

Reference: Goldberg, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in the United States: Updated Estimates of Women and Girls at Risk, (NCBI, 2012).

General References:

Latvia

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 5.0

Local Law: No specified law

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in summer (June-September), October (1 week), Christmas (2 weeks), March (1 week)

Reference: Van Baelan, Ortensi, Leye (2016)

General References:

Sri Lanka

Prevalence (%): Unknown

Most common type: 1,2,4

Common ages: 40d after birth

Practicing groups: Moors,Malays Dawoodi Borah

Terminology: 'Sunnah' (Tamil, religious obligatio/ tradition for Muslims), Khatna (Dawoodi Bohra)

Regional information: Unknown

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Dependent on school type. Holidays in May/June (2 weeks), July (2 weeks), Oct/November (2-4 weeks),

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/sri-lanka/ , https://moe.gov.lk/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/English-Calender.pdf

Thailand

Prevalence (%): Unknown

Most common type: 1,4

Common ages: 0-11yrs

Practicing groups: Thai, Malay, Chinese & Dawoodi Bohra

Terminology: 'Sunat' (Malay, circumcision)

Regional information: South Thailand & Satun province

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): 2 main holidays, March-May (6/8 weeks), and 2/3 weeks in October.

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/thailand/

Togo

Prevalence (%): 15-49yrs: 3.1% (MICS 2017) 15-18yrs: 1.8% (DHS, 2013/14)

Most common type: 1,2

Common ages: 0-14yrs Most common 5-9y

Practicing groups: Muslim women (DHS 2015), and Autres Togolais

Terminology: 'Female circumcision' (English). 'L'excision' (French).

Regional information: Highest prevalence in Central Togo

Local law: Banned in 1998

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/togo/

Chad

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 7% 15-49yrs: 34% (MICS, 2019)

Most common type: 2

Common ages: 0-14yrs Medium age: 9yrs

Practicing groups: Dadajo,Sara, Arab, Hadjarai, Ouadai, Fitri-Batha

Terminology: 'Bagne'/'Gadja' (Nilo Sudanic Language)

Regional information: Higher prevalence in South East

Local law: Banned in 2003

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/chad/

Libya

Prevalence: 8.4% (1 STUDY)

Local Law: No specified law

Terminology:

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Year runs from late autumn-June/July/August (grade dependent). Spring break in March

References: Shaeer and Shaeer 2013 (online study)

United Arab Emirates

Prevalence (%): 34% (Dubai women's college, 2011)

Most common type: 4

Common ages: Infancy

Practicing groups: Sudanese, Somali, Omani

Terminology:

Regional information: Low throughout country

Local law: Illegal to perform in government hospitals

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Three terms: September-December, January-March, and April-July

Reference: (Dubai women's college, 2011)

Iraq (Kurdistan)

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 1% 15-49yrs: 7.4% (MICS 2018)

Most common type: 1

Common ages: 0-9yrs Medium age: 9yrs

Practicing groups: Kurdish, Arab, Turkmen

Terminology: Khatana (Kurdish,Circumcision)

Regional information: Juristan (North): 77.9% in Suleymaniya 81.2% in Garmyan & New Kirkuk 63% in Arbil 7% in Dohuk

Local law: Banned in 2011 (Kurdistan region)

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/iraqi-kurdistan/

Iran

Prevalence (%): Unknown

Most common type: 1,2

Common ages: 7yrs

Practicing groups: Muslim women

Terminology: Khatne' (circumcision) Khatana (Kurdish Sorani, circumcision) Sunat (Farsi, circumcision)

Regional information: Highest in South & West

Local law: Illegal

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Academic year September-June. Schools closed end of March-early April.

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/media/uploads/Continent%20Research%20and%20Resources/Middle%20East/kameel_-_en_final.pdf

Italy

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 87.600

Local Law: Criminalised in 2006

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Very region dependent. Possible holidays may include; Summer (June/July-September), Christmas, Carnival (February), and Easter.

Reference: Stima del numero di donne portatrici di mutilazioni genitali, delle bambine a rischio e dell’attitudine nei confronti della pratica (2019)

General References:

Austalia

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 53.000

Local Law: Illegal

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in late December-end January, April (1 week), June/July (3 weeks), and September/October (2 weeks)

Reference: The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2019)

India

Prevalence (%): 75% in Bohra communities (Sahiyo and WeSpeakOut)

Most common type: 1,4

Common ages: Infancy

Practicing groups: Dawoodi Bohra

Terminology: 'Khatna'/'Khatnauracion' (Lisan ud-dawat [Gujarati dialect] circumcision)

Regional information: Mainly in the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.

Local law: No specified law

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Year runs from May/June-March

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/india/

Tanzania

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 1% 15-49yrs: 8% (DHS 2022) 15-18yrs: 4.7% (DHA, 2015-16)

Most common type: 2

Common ages: 8yrs

Practicing groups: Chagga,Gogo,Hadza,Kurya,Massai, Nyaturu

Terminology: Kuketwa'/'Tohara kwa wanawake' (Sawhili,female circumcision/circumcision of women).

Regional information: Highest in Mara, Arusha, Manyara (58% prevalence), Dodoma & Singida (North East regions)

Local law: Banned in 1998

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region):

Reference: https://www.fgmcri.org/country/tanzania/

Ireland

Estimated Prevalence (No. Cases): 5.790

Local Law: Criminalised: FGM act (2012)

School Term Dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Holidays in summer (May/June-Early September), October (1 week), Christmas (2 weeks), February (1 week), Easter

Reference: AKIDWA estimations based on Ireland’s Central Statistics Office (2016)

General References:

Indonesia

Prevalence (%): 0-14yrs: 55% (SPHPN 2021)

Most common type: 1, 4

Common ages: FIrst months or weeks of life

Practicing groups: Among Muslim women (FGC promoted as obligatory religious requirement)

Terminology: Sunat/Sunat Perempuan (Malay, circumcision/females sunnah or tradition).

Regional information: Spead across country

Local law: Illegal to preform certain types

School term dates (may be dependent on grade/region): Two terms, July-December and January-June (Schools also closed during Ramadan and Eid-ul-Fitr

Reference: UNICEF global database